Ultra-Flat Gain Profile With Raman Amplification Employing Combined Coherent and Incoherent Pumps

Le résumé fourni par la source

Distributed Raman amplification is essential for enhancing capacity in wideband optical networks; yet achieving an ultra-flat gain profile remains a significant design challenge. This work presents a validated numerical model incorporating both coherent pump and spectrally broad incoherent pump sources. Model accuracy was rigorously confirmed by demonstrating excellent agreement (average deviation$< 0.1\rm { dB}$) between simulation and experiment across various forward, backward, and multi-directional pumping schemes. Leveraging this validated model, we employed an improved simplex optimization algorithm to target ultra-flat amplification across$95 \rm { nm}$C+L bands in a$40 \rm { km}$fiber. By implementing a hybrid nine-pump scheme (four first-order incoherent and five second-order coherent pumps) to meet practical power limits, we achieved an unprecedented peak-to-peak gain flatness of$\le 0.04$dB over the 95nm bandwidth, with a$\leq 0.01\rm { dB}$standard deviation at different target gain values of$10\rm { dB}$,$9\rm { dB}$, and$8\rm { dB}$. Furthermore, we demonstrate the versatility of the system in generating arbitrary gain profiles with high precision. The best performing scheme was thoroughly tested by a Monte Carlo-based stability investigation, resulting in$\leq 0.04\rm { dB}$standard deviation of gain for practical power and wavelength variations. This result confirms the superior capability of optimally configured hybrid incoherent/coherent pumping for minimizing gain ripple and enabling reconfigurable gain shaping in future high-capacity WDM systems.

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