Tracking Cholera in Urban Wastewater: MALDI-TOF-Based Detection of Vibrio cholerae in Côte d’Ivoire

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Background: Cholera remains a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in areas with inadequate sanitation. Urban wastewater may act as an environmental reservoir for Vibrio cholerae, contributing to disease persistence and transmission, especially in rapidly urbanizing settings such as Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the presence and distribution of Vibrio cholerae in urban wastewater and assess its association with environmental conditions. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted in Yopougon and Cocody districts. Wastewater samples were collected weekly over four weeks from six sites selected based on sanitation conditions. Samples were enriched in alkaline peptone water, cultured on TCBS agar, and isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF MS. Results: A total of 90 isolates were obtained, with confirmed Vibrio cholerae detected across all sites. Higher prevalence was observed in densely populated residential areas compared with industrial and lagoon-adjacent zones. Conclusion: Urban wastewater in Abidjan may serve as a reservoir for Vibrio cholerae. Wastewater surveillance using MALDI-TOF MS could support improved cholera monitoring and prevention strategies

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