Prevalence and Demographic Correlates of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Hormonal Profiles and Health Behaviors

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Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects about 8-13% of women worldwide. Many cases remain unrecognized because clinical features vary across individuals. In addition to reproductive effects, PCOS is also associated with metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 97 women of reproductive age recruited through social media platforms. Data were collected using a self-reported online questionnaire. When available, participants reported prior clinical measurements and test results, including BMI, ultrasound findings, and hormonal or metabolic laboratory results. No new examinations or tests were performed for this survey. results: Results: Of the total sample, 22.6% (n=22) were diagnosed with PCOS. A significant association was found between PCOS and obesity (42.9% vs. 11.9%, p=0.007), irregular menstrual cycles (52.4% vs. 13.4%, p<0.001), and infertility (70% vs. 9.1%, p<0.001). Hormonal profiles revealed elevated LH (p=0.005) and FSH (p=0.001) among PCOS participants. Non-significant findings included associations between PCOS and exercise habits (p=0.878) and psychological diseases (p=0.889). Results: Of the 97 participants, 22 (22.6%) reported a diagnosis of PCOS. PCOS was more frequent among participants with obesity (42.9% vs. 11.9%, p = 0.007), irregular menstrual cycles (52.4% vs. 13.4%, p < 0.001), and infertility (70.0% vs. 9.1%, p < 0.001). Participants with PCOS also had higher LH and FSH levels (p = 0.005 and p = 0.001, respectively). Discussion: These findings suggest that, within this sample, PCOS was most strongly associated with obesity, menstrual disturbance, and infertility. Similar patterns have been reported in other populations. However, the findings should be interpreted cautiously because the data were self-reported and the sample was relatively small and non-random. Conclusion: In this sample, PCOS was associated with reproductive problems and obesity. These findings support the need for greater awareness, earlier recognition, and lifestyle-based approaches, particularly weight management. Larger population-based studies are needed to better define the burden of PCOS and inform targeted management strategies.

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