Reliability and validity of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire—toddler in Chinese preschoolers

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Objective This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the CSHQ-T and establish an empirically supported factor structure for assessing sleep habits among Chinese children aged 3 to 4 years based on a large population-based study. Methods Caregivers of 37,556 children from multiple regions in China completed the online Chinese CSHQ-T. Reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach’s α ), split-half reliability, and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients, ICCs). Factor structure was examined through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA, CFA). Concurrent validity was tested by correlating CSHQ-T scores with the Sleep Problems subscale of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½–5 (CBCL/1.5–5). Results The total scale showed acceptable internal consistency ( α = 0.769) and split-half reliability (Guttman coefficient = 0.857), with moderate test–retest reliability (ICCs = 0.66–0.78). EFA supported a four-factor structure—Sleep Distress, Sleep Duration, Sleep Initiation, and Sleep Transition—explaining 50.18% of the variance. CFA confirmed good model fit after excluding two items with factor loadings below 0.25 (GFI = 0.911, RMR = 0.026, RMSEA = 0.070). The CSHQ-T total score correlated moderately with the CBCL sleep subscale ( r = 0.50, p < 0.01), supporting concurrent validity. Conclusion The Chinese CSHQ-T demonstrates acceptable reliability and validity for assessing sleep habits in preschool children aged 3–4 years. The revised factor structure may be influenced by cultural practices, particularly the prevalence of co-sleeping in China. The instrument shows promise as a screening tool for pediatric sleep health in this population.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.