Morphology-engineered NiCo 2 O 4 with tagetes-like architecture for high-performance supercapacitors: linking material design to device fabrication

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Abstract The rapidly growing demand for portable electronics and electric transportation has placed significant pressure on existing energy storage technology. To meet these challenges, there is a critical need to develop advanced supercapacitor materials. This study presents a detailed investigation of NiCo 2 O 4 , linking material design with device fabrication to assess its electrochemical performance. A simple one-step hydrothermal route was employed, where precise control of urea concentration yielded an optimized (NICO-3) with superior electrochemical performance. Structural and morphological characterization confirmed the formation of a stable cubic spinel structure. Electrochemical studies (2-electrode system) in a symmetric NiCo 2 O 4 //NiCo 2 O 4 configuration revealed a high specific capacitance of 532 F g −1 at 2 A g −1 , along with an energy density of 32 Wh kg −1 and a power density of 3000 W kg −1 . The device exhibited excellent cycling stability, retaining 90.3% of its initial capacitance after 4000 charge–discharge cycles. To demonstrate practical applicability, a symmetric device was fabricated that powers a 27-LED array for 10 min. Finally, a coin-cell prototype was integrated at lab scale that successfully lit seven LEDs for 10 min.

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