Lidar Ratios and Fluorescence Properties of Stratospheric Volcanic Sulfate

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Abstract From January to June 2025, a stratospheric sulfate layer originating from the eruptions of the Ruang volcano in April 2024 could be observed with a multi‐wavelength Raman and fluorescence lidar over Leipzig, Germany. The aerosol‐optical depth of the stratospheric volcanic sulfate was , decreasing with time. The volcanic sulfate aerosol showed very low laser‐induced aerosol fluorescence, enabling an unambiguous distinction from wildfire smoke. By combining the fluorescence with the dual‐wavelength Raman lidar observations, pure volcanic sulfate layers could be identified and, thus, pure sulfate lidar ratios could be determined. The lidar ratios of the sulfate ranged between 29–32 sr at 355 nm and 58–63 sr at 532 nm.

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