3D Printing Of PLA/PHA - Collagen Hybrid Scaffold For Auricular Cartilage Regeneration

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PURPOSE: The current treatment methods for auricular reconstruction depend mainly on surgical experience and usually have varying aesthetic outcomes. Autologous grafting and most alloplastic implants must be crafted to match the shape of the contralateral ear with a high margin of error and less reproducibility. 3D printing of a biodegradable material might combine the advantages of the previously mentioned methods with few disadvantages. Therefore, we aim to optimize the mechanical properties of polylactic acid/ polyhydroxyalkanoates (PLA/PHA) polymer and evaluate the biological response METHODS: 3D printing to fabricate PLA/PHA with different infill densities and thicknesses. Also, designing a collagen - PLA/PHA hybrid material employing reverse printing. Mechanical testing, including tensile and 3-point bending tests, were performed in all scaffolds. The biological response of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSC) was assessed by measuring metabolic rate and DNA concentration across different time points. Morphological evaluation of the different scaffolds was done using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: A controllable range of elastic modulus of PLA/PHA achieved 2.98 (0.181) MPa to 12.17 (0.750) MPa. All infill densities (30% - 100%) showed a significant increase in elastic modulus between different groups (P<0.0001). Biochemical analysis showed a linear increase in cellular activity and a higher proliferation rate than the control group at every time point (p

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