Correlational and Molecular Mechanism Analyses of Bioactive Compounds From Ziziphus jujuba : Focusing on Anti‐Hyaluronidase and Antioxidant Networks

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ABSTRACT Skin aging, impairments in skin hydration and elasticity, are associated with loss of hyaluronic acid (HA) and an increase in oxidative stress. As hyaluronidase mainly contributes to HA degradation and disruption to the extracellular matrix (ECM), it has been considered a potential method of preventing skin aging. In this study, we aimed to examine phytochemical compositions and multi‐target enzyme inhibitory capacities of Ziziphus jujuba extracts from South Korea, emphasizing antioxidant and hyaluronidase inhibiting activities. Using ultrafiltration high‐performance liquid chromatography (UF‐HPLC), electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI‐MS), and NMR techniques, we identified jujuboside B (1), p‐coumaric acid (2), medicagenic acid (3), rutin (4), and luteolin 7‐O‐Glucoside (5) as key bioactive constituents. Medicagenic acid (IC 50 = 113 μM) showed the strongest predicted interaction with hyaluronidase with a high docking score. Hyaluronidase inhibition in Z. jujuba is primarily mediated by a distinct subset of triterpenoid and phenolic compounds having antioxidant activities. Based on our data, Z. jujuba extract may be a promising natural source of bioactive compounds that could be relevant for skin health due to their ability to modulate enzymes, especially antioxidants and anti‐hyaluronidase. Collectively, these findings suggest that Z. jujuba derived compounds have potential as candidates for further investigation in dermatological and functional food applications.

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