Visual and verbal thought tendencies shape working memory under distraction

Résumé fourni par la source

Working memory (WM) is a flexible function that may retain information through various representational routes, like detailed visual traces or abstract semantic codes. However, it is unclear whether both routes are equally suited to support WM performance and resilience to competition from sensory input. Here, we tested the flexibility and function of WM representational formats through three complementary lenses: model-derived stimulus memorability, individual variability in imagery, and task competition. Participants (N = 246) completed a WM task and a battery of imagery questionnaires. The task probed delayed-recognition for naturalistic images when task-irrelevant visual input appeared during maintenance. We found that imagery tendencies interacted with stimulus and task factors. For instance, memorable items were robust to imagery and visual distraction, but less memorable items were vulnerable to distraction—especially in individuals with stronger visual imagery. The findings highlight how multiple routes to WM maintenance may carry different costs in the face of competition.

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