Psychological distress and tumor cell β2-adrenergic receptor levels in patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer

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Patients/material and methodsThe LUng CAncer, Stress and Survival (LUCASS) study is a prospective cohort study in Iceland and Sweden with the overarching aim to investigate the psycho-biological stress response in patients undergoing a diagnostic work-up for suspected lung cancer [20,21].Details on LUCASS can be found in our earlier publications [20,21].The analytic cohort comprised 52 LUCASS participants with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent curativeintent surgical resection.Data on age, education, marital status, employment, financial and smoking status, and perceived psychological distress were collected and integrated with clinical evaluations conducted at two time points: before and after the final diagnosis of lung cancer.Perceived psychological distress, anxiety, and depression were assessed using the 14item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) [22], a widely used screening tool in oncology.According to established guidelines, HADS total (HADS-T) scores ≥ 13 indicated potentially

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