Enhancement of regeneration and early vascular function as measured by SIRT1 activity, endothelial progenitor cell population, and nitric oxide expression following exercise training in adults

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Background: Early endothelial dysfunction can begin in young adulthood and is characterized by reduced Nitric Oxide (NO) bioavailability and diminished endothelial regenerative capacity mediated by Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs). Exercise may enhance vascular repair through Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1)–related pathways, but the optimal training intensity to maximize SIRT1 activity, EPC populations, and NO levels remains unclear. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the effects of moderate- and high-intensity exercise on SIRT1 levels, EPC populations, and NO levels in young adults, compared with a control group, and to determine the optimal exercise intensity for vascular regeneration. Material and Methods: This interventional study included 45 young adults. The exercise intervention consisted of 24 sessions over eight weeks. Participants were equally assigned to three groups: moderate-intensity exercise (n = 15), high-intensity exercise (n = 15), and a control group that maintained usual daily activities (n = 15). Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) were measured for SIRT1 activity using flow cytometry. EPCs were identified by the double expression of CD41 and CD62E, while NO expression was identified using fluorescence intensity. Results: This study showed a significant increase in SIRT1 activity (p = 0.017), followed by an increase in EPC percentage (p < 0.001) and NO expression (p < 0.001) after exercise training prescription. The study also demonstrated that moderate-intensity exercise increased SIRT1 activity, EPC populations, and NO levels compared with other intensity exercises. Conclusion: Exercise training improved endothelial regeneration and vascular function by increasing SIRT1 activity, EPC populations, and NO levels, with moderate-intensity being the best at increasing the three parameters.

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