Nipah outbreak investigation in one health approach, January 2023 in the Northern Region of Bangladesh

Le résumé fourni par la source

Nipah virus is a pandemic potential viral disease. On 13 January 2023, a confirmed case of Nipah Virus Disease (NiV) was reported through Nipah Enhanced Surveillance. We investigated to determine the scope and magnitude of the outbreak and the source of infection, also to explore the contributing perception, cultural patterns to control and prevent further spread. Face-to-face interviews of the contacts were performed between 14-28 January 2023. An operational case definition was prepared for identifying confirmed, probable cases and contacts. Data were collected by semi-structured questionnaire both prospectively (to identify other cases and line listing) and retrospectively (to obtain information on notified cases). Blood and throat swabs were collected from high risk and symptomatic contacts for detection of NIV infection by RT-PCR and ELISA. On 23 December 2022, eleven members of the same family drank Raw Date Palm Sap (RDPS) in Naogaon. Twelve days later, a 13-year-old boy and his 50-year-old aunt developed fever, diarrhoea, restlessness, incoherent speech and became unconscious. The boy was admitted into ICU later and survived, but the woman died before investigation. We identified total 107 contacts. And we tested 55 high-risk and symptomatic contacts and all were negative for NiV by RT-PCR. We maintained regular follow-ups according to protocol. Four bat roosts were found within a 10km radius (including the nearest roost which was within 2 km) from the source tree where the relative of the cases collected RDPS. We identified one confirmed and one probable case of NiV infection. The outbreak was contained since there were no cases among the contacts. We suspect the source of NiV was RDPS. As there is no specific vaccine and therapeutics, community awareness and enhanced surveillance can aid early detection and control of spillover events.

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