The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on neonatal cardiac development

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Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on neonatal cardiac development. Methods: A retrospective analysis of full-term newborns admitted in 2024 was conducted. 100 newborns of mothers with GDM (IADPSG criteria) were the GDM group, and 100 of non-GDM mothers were the control group. We compared their birth parameters,echocardiographic indicators and congenital heart disease (CHD) incidence, and analyzed factors related to neonatal interventricular septal (IVS) hypertrophy. Results: The GDM group had significantly higher birth weight, length and placental weight ( P < 0.05); echocardiography showed larger cardiac chambers, great vessels and thicker IVS ( P > 0.05); CHD incidence was 2% (vs. 0% in control, P = 0.047). Maternal glycemic indicators and neonatal birth weight were positively correlated with IVS thickness ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: GDM adversely affects neonatal cardiac development; routine fetal and postnatal cardiac evaluation is necessary for GDM pregnancies. Further research is needed to clarify mechanisms and establish monitoring strategies.

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