Occurrence records of cashew pests and its environmental drivers in cashew plantations in Guinea-Bissau

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This dataset comprises records of 21 abiotic factors, 2 biotic factors, and 3 variables related to pest occurrence across 151 cashew plantations (Anacardium occidentale L.) in Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Abiotic variables were obtained from CHELSA v2.1 (Karger et al., 2021) as monthly data for 1981–2010 at 30 arc-second (~1 km) resolution. These included temperature variables (Bio1–Bio8), precipitation variables (Bio12–Bio19), vapor pressure deficit (kPa; monthly maximum—VaporH, monthly minimum—VaporL, annual mean—VaporA), wind speed (m s⁻¹; monthly maximum—WindH, monthly minimum—WindL, annual mean—WindA), and relative humidity (%; monthly maximum—RH). Distance to the coastline (m; Coast) was derived from the 2020 coastline map (Digital Earth Africa, 2023). Data on biotic factors, namely the tree density (trees per hectare; Tree_density) and the age of the older trees (years, Older_trees) in each plantation, were also recorded during fieldwork (2021-2023). Pest occurrence was quantified as the total number of morphospecies (Tpest). Besides, insects were grouped into two distinct guilds: i) reproductive guild (RPest), pest targeting reproductive organs were considered those that cause damage to reproductive structures (i.e., inflorescence) and/or harvestable products (i.e. cashew nut and apple); ii) non-reproductive guild (NRPest), which include pests targeting non-reproductive organs (i.e. leaves, shoots, branches, and stems) or cause harm in other ways, such as being vectors of plant diseases (Dent and Binks, 2020). The records are in Excel (xlsx) format. This document contains four worksheets: “Data” contains all the complete data. The remaining 3 sheets correspond to the data used by agroecological zone (North, East and South) for the generalized additive models (GAMs).