Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of germ cell tumors of the mediastinum

Le résumé fourni par la source

Abstract: Germ cell tumors of the mediastinum (GCTM) are a type of extragonadal tumor, accounting for <5% of both mediastinal tumors and germ cell tumors. Based on histopathological classification, GCTMs can be divided into three major types: teratomas, seminomatous germ cell tumors, and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors, which can be further subdivided into subtypes such as yolk sac tumors and choriocarcinomas. Due to the scarcity and diversity of GCTMs, there is a lack of clear international standards in diagnosis and treatment, leading to clinical challenges such as high misdiagnosis rates and non-standardized treatment. To promote the standardization of GCTM management, experts from the Pan-Yangtze River Delta Alliance of Research for Thymomas (PRD-ART) conducted panel discussions, integrating the medical evidence in pathology, molecular biology, and new drug development, to create clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. This expert consensus: 1) emphasizes molecular testing in clinical management, 2) encourages multidisciplinary consultation to facilitate personalized therapies, 3) promotes international collaboration to validate novel biomarkers and therapies, and 4) suggests the use of real-world, umbrella trial designs to address the scarcity and heterogeneity problems. These measures aim to standardize and improve the clinical management of GCTMs.

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