Evaluating the effect of an audiovisual intervention on routine immunization knowledge among urban frontline healthcare workers in Eastern India

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BACKGROUND: Routine immunization (RI) plays a pivotal role in preventing vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). This study assessed an audiovisual educational intervention aimed at strengthening RI knowledge among urban frontline healthcare workers (FHWs) in Deoghar, Jharkhand. METHODS: A quasi-experimental interventional study conducted in April 2024 at the Urban Primary Health Centre (UPHC), Kalyanpur, involved 45 FHWs. A validated 55-item questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.802–0.852) assessed pre- and post-intervention knowledge on RI topics, including the National Immunization Schedule, cold chain management, biomedical waste disposal, and immunization myths. RESULTS: The mean knowledge scores increased significantly from 29.0 ± 9.8 (corresponding to 52.7% correct responses) pre-intervention to 44.8 ± 6.8 (corresponding to 81.4% correct responses) post-intervention, with a mean difference of 15.8 ± 5.2 (28.7%, p < 0.001) and a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3–3.7). Knowledge improved significantly across domains, including vaccine efficacy, minor adverse effect management, and key messages for beneficiaries. In the multiple linear regression analysis, higher educational levels (unstandardized beta [B] = 3.59, standard error [SE] = 1.27, p = 0.008) and prior training on RI (B = 6.61, SE = 1.85, p = 0.001) emerged as independent predictors of knowledge gain, collectively accounting for 53.2% of the variability in outcomes. CONCLUSION: The audiovisual intervention significantly improved RI knowledge among FHWs, with higher education levels and prior training as independent predictors of knowledge gain. Further research is needed to assess scalability and the impact of knowledge improvement on practice and immunization service delivery. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.