Organic manganese as a functional micronutrient: Promoting metabolic health and sustainable growth in Litopenaeus vannamei.

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< 0.05). In summary, although growth remained unaffected, organic Mn sources, particularly Mn-Gly and Mn-MHA, demonstrated superior bioavailability by enhancing antioxidant status, immune function, and hepatopancreas health as well as by regulating lipid metabolism.