Studies on secondary metabolites and anti-inflammatory activity of fungus Penicillium citreosulfuratum YFC-1 from Sphagneticola trilobata

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A novel 4-pyridone alkaloid derivative, microsphaerone H (1), and a new polyketide, annularin O (2), were isolated alongside 17 known compounds (3–19) from an endophytic fungus Penicillium citreosulfuratum YFC-1 of Sphagneticola trilobata. Compounds 4 and 5 were newly identified here as natural products. Their structural elucidation, inclusive of absolute configurations, was achieved via integrated spectroscopic and quantum chemical ECD methodologies. All isolates (1–19) were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities. Compounds 4–6, 8, and 13 suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, displaying IC50 values of 29.72, 17.99, 49.88, 31.38, and 28.23 µM, respectively.

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