Association of Multidimensional Schizotypy with Momentary Suspiciousness and Self/Other Appraisals: Comparable Findings Across Samples and Schizotypy Measures

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The present study employs experience sampling methodology (ESM) to examine the association of multidimensional schizotypy with a variety of daily life experiences, with an emphasis on momentary suspiciousness and self/other appraisals. Previous studies have often conceptualized schizotypy as having two dimensions: positive schizotypy (e.g., psychotic-like experiences) and negative schizotypy (e.g., diminished or blunted experiences), as measured by the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales (WSS; see Kwapil et al., 2008). Current models, however, include a third dimension of disorganized schizotypy that captures disruptions in organizing and expressing thought, behavior, communication, and emotion, as included in measures such as the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS; Kwapil et al., 2018). Previous studies indicate that when comparing between two- and three-factor models, disorganized schizotypy better accounts for disorganized behaviors and negative affect than positive or negative schizotypy (Kwapil et al., 2020). In addition, previous studies have consistently shown that positive schizotypy is associated with psychotic-like and paranoid symptoms (Barrantes-Vidal, Gross, et al., 2013; Kwapil, Barrantes-Vidal, & Silvia, 2008; Kwapil et al., 2020). However, few studies have systematically examined paranoia and suspiciousness in daily life and their associations with multidimensional schizotypy. Therefore, The present study will employ experience sampling methodology (ESM) to examine 1) the association of multidimensional schizotypy with a variety of daily life experiences, with an emphasis on momentary ratings of paranoia and self/other appraisals; 2) the effects of adding disorganized schizotypy into the multidimensional schizotypy framework to explain daily experiences; and 3) the extent to which we replicate findings across two geographically and temporally different nonclinical samples of young adults using different measures of schizotypy. Sample 1 was assessed in North Carolina in 2008-09 and administered the WSS, which includes positive and negative schizotypy subscales. Sample 2 is currently being assessed in Illinois and involves the administration of the MSS, which includes positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy subscales. Following Kwapil et al. (2020), we will examine positive and negative schizotypy as simultaneous predictors of daily life experiences in both sample 1 and 2 (in order to directly compare these results across time and samples). We will also examine the simultaneous effects of all three schizotypy dimensions in sample 2 to consider the effect of including disorganized schizotypy. For comparison purposes, we will also include the results of the bivariate prediction of each schizotypy dimension in both samples. For both samples, we will examine the direct associations of multidimensional schizotypy with the following domains in daily life: positive and negative affect, emotion intensity, self-other appraisals, situation appraisals, paranoia and suspiciousness, cognition, activities, and social contact. Additionally, we will compute cross-level interactions to examine the extent to which positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy moderate the in-the-moment association between situational appraisals of events being pleasant and whether it involved others, the association between feeling close to others and preference to be alone, and the associations of momentary stress and social closeness with suspiciousness.

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