Exploring the sustainable development performance using SDG indicators under a novel sustainable composite score model

Le résumé fourni par la source

National sustainability evaluation is a complex task due to conflicting objectives, heterogeneous indicator scales, and the non-compensatory nature of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study introduces a novel multi-criteria decision-making model that constructs a Sustainable Composite Score (SCS) by integrating multiple Lp-norm distance measures, dynamic penalty terms to enforce critical performance thresholds, and cosine-based directional divergence. To ensure objectivity, indicator weights are derived using the CRITIC method based on contrast intensity and conflict. The model is applied to 20 countries across six SDG indicators. Empirical results demonstrate that Brazil, Georgia, and Costa Rica consistently achieve the highest rankings. This underscores a critical insight: balanced structural development and threshold compliance are more significant determinants of sustainability success than economic status alone. Sensitivity analysis across 11 scenarios confirms the model’s robustness, maintaining high ranking stability with a Spearman’s rank correlation of ρ = 0.9996 against the Borda Count method. The proposed framework provides a high-fidelity, scalable decision tool for identifying structural imbalances and informing strategic SDG resource allocation.

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