Solvothermal Fabrication of Trimetallic Oxides NCs: Exploring Their Magnetic and Photocatalytic Characteristics

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ABSTRACT Synthetic dyes discharged into natural waters pose chronic risks to ecosystems and human health due to their chemical persistence and bioactivity. To mitigate these impacts, a magnetic ternary nanocomposite NiFe 2 O 4 /ZnO/Co 3 O 4 was engineered via a solvothermal route. The influence of postannealing (300°C, 400°C, and 500°C) was systematically examined using comprehensive characterizations such as FTIR, UV–vis, SEM with EDS, XRD, and VSM. XRD confirmed the coexistence of cubic spinel phases (NiFe 2 O 4 & Co 3 O 4 ) with hexagonal wurtzite ZnO. With increasing annealing temperature, the mean crystallite diameter grew from ∼17.51 to 28.83 nm, indicating thermally driven grain coarsening and enhanced crystallinity. VSM revealed a slight rise in remnant magnetization and decreased coercivity, consistent with improved magnetic domain ordering. Under simulated sunlight, these synergistic attributes translated to efficient photocatalysis, with mixed dye (MO + MB) degradation increasing monotonically with annealing temperature and reaching ∼100% within 180 min. Improved crystallinity, band structure tuning, magnetic separability, and broad visible‐light absorption acted in concert to deliver the high performance of this photocatalyst, making it a promising solution for mitigating synthetic dye impacts in natural waters. The nanocomposite's efficiency and magnetic properties make it an attractive option for environmental remediation.

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