Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis, its risk factors, and aetiologies, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023

Sarah Brooke Sirota, Rose Bender, Regina-Mae Villanueva Dominguez, Avina Vongpradith, Amanda Movo, Lucien R Swetschinski, Daniel T Araki, Chieh Han, Eve E Wool, Ahmed A.J. Jabbar, Mohammad Amin Aalipour, Hasan Aalruz, Madineh Abbasi, Mitra Abbasifard, Faezeh Abbaspour, Hedayat Abbastabar, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Mohammed Abdalla, Emad M. Abdallah, Nadin M.I. Abdel Razeq, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Omar Ahmed Abdelwahab, Meriem Abdoun, Arman Abdous, Mostafa M. Abdrabou, Jeza Muhamad Abdul Aziz, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Auwal Abdullahi, Abisola Esther Abdulmalik, Rezheen Fatah Abdulrahman, Toufik Abdul-Rahman, Armita Abedi, Asrat Agalu Abejew, Syed Hani Abidi, Olifan Zewdie Abil, Olumide Abiodun, Rahim Abo Kasem, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Abdullahi Tunde Aborode, Nagah M Abourashed, Dariush Abtahi, Zhanar Abu, Rana Kamal Abu Farha, Samir Abu Rumeileh, Fuad H. Abuadas, Aminu Kende Abubakar, Ibrahim Banaru Abubakar, Nermeen Abu-Elala, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Sawsan Abuhammad, Ahmad Y. Abuhelwa, Hana J Abukhadijah, Dina Abushanab, Anirudh B. Acharya, Krishna Prasad Acharya, Swetha Acharya, Meshack Achore, Lisa C. Adams, Isaac Yeboah Addo, David Adedia, Kamoru A. Adedokun, Oyelola A. Adegboye, Nurudeen A. Adegoke, Victor Adekanmbi, Olumide Thomas Adeleke, Miracle Ayomikun Adesina, Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Idowu Peter Adewumi, Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa, Atman Adiba, Usha Adiga, Mohd Adnan, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Prince Owusu Adoma, Giuseppina Affinito, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Afzal, Gizachew Beykaso Agafari, Sepehr Aghajanian, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Faisal Ahmad, Khurshid Ahmad, Muayyad M Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Suhaib Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Negar Sadat Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade, Ayman Ahmed, Gasha Salih Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Mehrunnisha Sharif Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Mushood Ahmed, Naveed Ahmed, Nesredin Ahmed, Shahzaib Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Oluwasefunmi Akeju, Roland Eghoghosoa Akhigbe, Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar, Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif, Hammad Akram, Salah Al Awaidy, Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan, Yazan Al Thaher, Omar Ali Mohammed Al Zaabi, Mohammad Ahmmad Mahmoud Al Zoubi, Muaaz Alajlani, Ziyad Al-Aly, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Zufishan Alam, Fahad Alanezi, Turki Matar Khalaf Alanzi, Jude Oluwapelumi Alao, Christoper A.A. Alarcon-Ruiz, Fahmi Y. Al-Ashwal, Seyed Mohammad Amin Alavi, Mohammed ALBashtawy, Nader Al-Dewik, Wafa Ali Aldhaleei, Shereen M. Aleidi, Fentahun Alemnew, Ayman Al-Eyadhy, Ali M Alfalki, Fahad D. Algahtani, Abdelazeem M. Algammal, Nma Bida Alhaji, Ashraf Alhumaidi, Fahad A. Alhumaydhi, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Haroon Muhammad Ali, Kamran Ali, Liaqat Ali, Mohammad Daud Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Montaha AL-Iede, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Mina Alimohammadi, Hamid Alinejad‐Rokny, Morteza Alipour, Samah W. Al-Jabi, Sulaiman F. Aljasir, Moath Saleh Aljohani, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Mayson H. Alkhatib, Khaled S. Allemailem, Mohammed Z. Allouh, Wesam Taher Almagharbeh, Sabah Al-Marwani, Joseph Uy Almazan, Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Amr Almobayed, Khaldoon Aied Alnawafleh, Hasan Y. Alniss, Mohammad R Alosta, Ahmad Rajeh Al-Qudimat, Rami H Hani Al-Rifai, Intima Alrimawi, Sahel Majed Alrousan, Mohammed Alsabri, Najim Alshahrani, Abdalkarem Fedgash Alsharari, Zaid Altaany, Awais Altaf, Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Rafael el Alvis-Guzmán, Mohammad Al-Wardat, Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi, Hany Aly, Mohammad S. Alyahya, Adel Sharaf Al-Zubairi, Ekiyor Joseph Amafah, Melika Haji Mohammadi, Amr Amin, Saeed Amini, Kafayat Aminu, Majid Aminzare, Sohrab Amiri, Ayodeji Amobonye, Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa, Filippos Anagnostakis, Etsay Woldu Anbesu, Robert Ancuceanu, Deanna Anderlini, Abhishek Anil, Dr. Prapti Anjana, Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola Anuoluwa, Saeid Anvari, Saleha Anwar, Razique Anwer, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Geminn Louis Carace Apostol, Walter Appati, Jalal Arabloo, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Abdulfatai Aremu, Jesu Arockiaraj, Mahwish Arooj, Anton A Artamonov, Nurila Aryntayeva, Mahsa Asadi Anar, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, Melat Tesfaye Asebot, Shewatatek Melaku Asefa, Syed Amir Ashraf, Tahira Ashraf, Mitra Ashrafi, Bilal Aslam, Muhammad Shahzad Aslam, Zelalem Asmare, Batyrbek Assembekov, Ömer Ataç, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Maha Atout, Alok Atreya, J. 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Bettencourt, Ashish Bhargava, Sonu Bhaskar, Arushee Bhatnagar, Priyadarshini Bhattacharjee, Shuvarthi Bhattacharjee, Ashmin Hari Bhattarai, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti, Manpreet Singh Bhatti, Eshetie Melese Birru, Trupti Bodhare, Archith Boloor, Paria Bolourinejad, Mina Borran, Samuel Adolf Bosoka, Alejandro Botero Carvajal, Souad Bouaoud, Meriem Boukhiam, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Colin Stewart Brown, Linh Phuong Bui, Felix Busch, Yasser Bustanji, Luis Alberto Cámera, Angelo Capodici, Andrea Carugno, Cristina Gardonyi Carvalheiro, Félix Carvalho, Ferrán Catalá-López, Luca Cegolon, Muthia Cenderadewi, Achille Cernigliaro, Joshua Chadwick, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Sandip Chakraborty, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Lam Duc Chau, Anis Ahmad Chaudhary, Sirshendu Chaudhuri, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Hana Chen, Haowei Chen, Hui Chen, Nicholas WS Chew, Patrick R Ching, William C S Cho, Bryan Chong, Hitesh Chopra, Dinh‐Toi Chu, Ting‐Wu Chuang, C. W. Chukwu, Eric Chung, S. Y. Chung, Claudia Cosma, Natalia Cruz-Martins, Omid Dadras, Ephrem Mebratu Dagnew, Mulat Teferi Dagnew, Xiaochen Dai, Emanuele D'Amico, Yohannes Tefera Damtew, Anh Kim Dang, Roy Arokiam Daniel, Lucio D'Anna, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Samuel E Danso, Samuel Demissie Darcho, Latefa Ali Dardas, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Saswati Das, Dimash Davletov, Sindhura Deekonda, Marco Del Riccio, Ivan Delgado-Enciso, Dessalegn Demeke, Andreas K. Demetriades, Tadios Niguss Derese, Emina Dervišević, Muamer Dervišević, Girmay Desalegn, Mitiku Desalegn, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, Pradeep Kumar Devarakonda, Devananda Devegowda, Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan, Arkadeep Dhali, Amol S. Dhane, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Meghnath Dhimal, Sameer Dhingra, Stefano Di Bella, Giuseppe Di Martino, Antonello Di Paolo, Marcello Di Pumpo, Diana Dias da Silva, Hòa Nguyễn Thị, Huyen Phuc, Mai Vũ Ngọc, Thao Huynh Phuong, Sushil Dohare, Klara Georgieva Dokova, Christiane Dolecek, Fariba Dorostkar, Wendel Mombaque dos Santos, Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi, Robert Kokou Dowou, Ashel Chelsea Dsouza, Eleonora Dubljanin, Jennifer Dunne, Senbagam Duraisamy, Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye, Siddhartha Dutta, Osamudiamen Ebohon, Tim Eckmanns, Abdelaziz Ed-Dra, Cynthia Edeh, Ferry Efendi, Nattwut Ekapirat, Michael Ekholuenetale, Seraphine Mojoko Eko, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Rabie Adel El Arab, Ibrahim Farahat El Bayoumy, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Ahmed Eldaboush, Muhammed Elhadi, Yasir Ahmed Mohammed Elhadi, Mohamed Elhoumed, Christelle Elias, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmeligy, Mohamed Hassan Elnaem, Mohammed Elshaer, Ibrahim Elsohaby, Chadi Eltaha, Abdelgawad Salah Eltahawy, Christopher Imokhuede Esezobor, Majid Eslami, Heidar Fadavian, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Qiping Fan, Niloofar Faraji, Mohammad Fareed, Jawad Fares, Aisha Farhana, Folorunso Oludayo Fasina, Modupe Margaret Fasina, Zareen Fatima, Nicholas A Feasey, Gelana Fekadu, Ginenus Fekadu, Pietro Ferrara, Nuno Ferreira, Getahun Fetensa, Claudio Fiorilla, Florian Fischer, Marco Fonzo, Célia Fortuna Rodrigues, Matteo Foschi, Sridevi G, Péter Gaál, Muktar A. Gadanya, Márió Gajdács, Dhanraj Ganapathy, Shivaprakash Gangachannaiah, Xiang Gao, Bashiru Garba, David Garcia-Azorin, Jacopo Garlasco, Rupesh K Gautam, Federica Gazzelloni, Feven Sahle Gebre, Nsikakabasi Samuel George, Bradford D Gessner, Genanew Kassie Getahun, Kalab Yigermal Gete, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Kazem Ghaffari, Arin Ghamkhar, Lobna Gharaibeh, Moein Ghasemi, Ramy Mohamed Ghazy, Arshia Ghodrati, Nasim Gholizadeh, Jaleed Ahmed Gilani, Syed Abdullah Gilani, Bikash Ranjan Giri, Alessandro Girombelli, László Göbölös, Kimiya Gohari, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Yitayal Ayalew Goshu, Giovanni Guarducci, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Kabiru Abubakar Gulma, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Zheng Guo, Anish Kumar Gupta, Lalit Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Swati Gupta, Vivek Gupta, Roberth Steven Gutiérrez-Murillo, José Guzmán-Esquivel, Adrina Habibzadeh, A.D. Habteyohannes, Mostafa Hadei, Najah R Hadi, Zahra Hadian, Zerai Hagos Gebrehiwot, Nguyễn Thành Nam, Addisalem Haile, Kirubel Tesfaye Hailu, Abdulsalam Halboup, Pritam Halder, Hassen Mosa Halil, Islam Hamad, Nadia Μ. Hamdy, Mohamed Hamed, Sajid Hameed, Asif Hanif, Graeme J. Hankey, Zitta Barrella Harboe, Josep Maria Haro, Sara Harsini, Eka Mishbahatul Marah Has, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Ikramul Hasan, Md Kamrul Hasan, Hamidreza Hasani, Mohammad Hashem Hashempur, Md Saquib Hasnain, Amr Hassan, Ibrahim Nagmeldin Hassan, Nageeb Hassan, Khezar Hayat, Jiawei He, Behzad Heibati, Mohammad Heidari, Yosra A. Helmy, Abdelaziz Hendy, Claudiu Herţeliu, Marjan Hesari, Robert S. Heyderman, Kamal Hezam, Yuta Hiraike, Ramesh Holla, Jon Gitz Holler, Md Sabbir Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Junjie Huang, Kiavash Hushmandi, Javid Hussain, Dursa Hussein, Nawfal R Hussein, Mohamed I. Husseiny, Hong-Han Huynh, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Liliya Ibragimova, Khalid S Ibrahim, Umar Idris Ibrahim, Anel Ibrayeva, Adalia Ikiroma, Kevin S Ikuta, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena Ilić, Milena Ilić, Salim Ilyasu, Salim Ilyasu, Mohammad Tarique Imam, Arit Inok, Lalu Muhammad Irham, Mustafa Alhaji Isa, Azfar Athar Ishaqui, Md Rabiul Islam, Md Shahinul Islam, Shameeran Salman Ismael, Faisal Wasim Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Yerlan Ismoldayev, Chidozie Declan Iwu, Ali Jadidi, Mohammadsadegh Jafari, Vennila Jaganathan, Haitham Jahrami, Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun, Swati Jaiswal, Mihajlo Jakovljević, Mohammad Jalal, Mohamed Jalloh, Armaan Jamal, Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal, Jerin James, Roland Dominic G. Jamora, Esmaeil Jarrahi, Javad Javidnia, Talha Jawaid, Qassim Jawell Odah Abed, Deepan Pamoda Jayapala, Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe, Yovanthi Anurangi Jayasinghe, Jae Joon Jeon, Gwang Hun Jeong, Seogsong Jeong, Min Jiang, Wenyi Jin, Mohammad Jokar, Nabi Jomehzadeh, Jost B Jonas, Tamás Joó, Jobinse Jose, Akaninyene Paul Joseph, Mickaël Antoine Joseph, Nitin Joseph, Krupal Joshi, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Billingsley Kaambwa, Vidya Kadashetti, Dler Hussein Kadir, Mohammad Fahim Kadir, Ashish Kumar Kakkar, Rizwan Kalani, Khalil Kalavani, Mehnaz Kamal, Ramat T. Kamorudeen, Jiseung Kang, Samuel Berchi Kankam, Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi, Suthanthira Kannan S, Dattatreya Kar, Mehrdad Karajizadeh, Paschalis Karakasis, Jafar Karami, Sajad Karampoor, André Karch, Arman Karimi Behnagh, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Tomasz M M Karpiński, Faizan Kashoo, Manoj Kumar Kashyap, Mohd Adnan Kausar, Foad Kazemi, Abenezer Zenebe Kebede, Hafte Kahsay Kebede, Yabets Tesfaye Kebede, Mohammad‐Hossein Keivanlou, John H. Kempen, Ariz Keshwani, Yousef Saleh Khader, Himanshu Khajuria, Hazim O. Khalifa, Pantea Khalili, Faham Khamesipour, Ajmal Khan, Faiz Ullah Khan, Iman Waheed Khan, Iqra Hamid Khan, Maseer Khan, Mohammad Idreesh Khan, Muhammad Umer Khan, Ramsha Mushtaq Khan, Sumaiya Khan, Ubaid Khan, Yusuf S. Khan, Zahid Khan, Vishnu Khanal, Sameer Khasbage, Haitham Khatatbeh, Moawiah Khatatbeh, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Khalid A Kheirallah, Daniel Kheradmand, Parisa Khoshvaght, Samira Khoshvaght, Farbod Khosravi, Sepehr Khosravi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Grace Kim, Hye Jun Kim, Min Seong Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Adnan Kısa, Sezer KISA, Ladli Kishore, Tegene Atamenta Kitaw, Shivakumar KM, Ali‐Asghar Kolahi, Diana Gladys Kolieghu Tcheumeni, Farzad Kompani, Wolyu Erkano Korma, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Oleksii Korzh, James‐Paul Kretchy, Kewal Krishan, Mohammed Kuddus, Ilari Kuitunen, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Shweta Kulshreshtha, Emmanuel Kumah, Chandan Kumar, Dewesh Kumar, Jogender Kumar, Kamal Kumar, Narendar Kumar, Sanjay Kirshan Kumar, Tushar Kumar, Vijay Kumar, Vikash Kumar, Satyajit Kundu, Jibin Kunjavara, Om Kurmi, Pramod Kumar Kushawaha, Dian Kusuma, Assylkhan Kuttybayev, Ville Kytö, Adriano La Vecchia, Chandrakant Lahariya, Balzhan Lakanova, Tri Laksono, Francesco Lanfranchi, Colleen L. Lau, Teniola Lawanson, Eilean Rathinasamy Lazarus, Duc Huy Le, Huyen Thi Thanh Le, Nhi Huu Hanh Le, Thao T. Le, Caterina Ledda, Sergey Vadimovich Lee, Seung Jun Lee, Wei‐Chen Lee, Vasileios Leivaditis, Dawit Alemu Lemma, Xiaopan Li, Jialing Lin, Gang Liu, Haipeng Liu, Jue Liu, Xuefeng Liu, Zhe Liu, Erand Llanaj, Madeeha Shahzad Lodhi, Michael J. Loftus, Platon D Lopukhov, Edward Lovering, Jailos Lubinda, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Peng Luo, Angelina M Lutambi, Ricardo Lutzky Saute, Ellina Lytvyak, Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin, Ali M.Hussein, Kevin Sheng-Kai Ma, Zheng Feei, Mahmoud Mabrok, Aurea Marilia Madureira-Carvalho, Edward Augustine Magwe, Sasikumar Mahalingam, Mehrdad Mahalleh, Nozad Hussein Mahmood, Mostafa Majidnia, Hardeep Singh Malhotra, Ahmad Azam Malik, Farihah Malik, Shahid M. Malik, Tabarak Malik, Birhanemaskal Malkamu, Aseer Manilal, Farheen Mansoor, Shaista Manzoor, Tahir Maqbool, Bishnu P. 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Metwally, Sandrine Donfack D Mewoabi, Bartosz Miazgowski, Irmina Maria Michałek, Kebadnew Mulatu Mihretie, Muhammad Agus Naufal Mikrajab, Giuseppe Minervini, Arup Kumar Misra, Dhruti Modi, Mona Gamal Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed, Taj Mohammad, Abdolreza Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Saeed Mohammadi, Ibrahim Mohammadzadeh, Abdulwase Mohammed, Omer Abdelmajeed Idris Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Yahaya Mohammed, Syam Mohan, Yugal Kishore Mohanta, Amin Mohsenzadeh, Ali H. Mokdad, Amirabbas Mollaei, Lorenzo Monasta, Himel Mondal, Mohammad Ali Moni, Marco Montalti, Catrin E. Moore, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Mahdis Morovvati, Shane Douglas Morrison, Mahmoud M Morsy, Reza Mosaddeghi Heris, Rohith Motappa, Fatemeh Mousavi, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Seyed Mohamad Sadegh Mousavi Kiasary, Mohamed Awad Mousnad, Hagar Lotfy Mowafy, Kimia Mozahheb Yousefi, Nicollas Mozart Vieira, Ahmed Msherghi, Florence N Mturi, Sumaira Mubarik, Lorenzo Muccioli, Godfrey Mudhune, Jibran Sualeh Muhammad, Sileshi Mulatu, Francesk Mulita, Malaisamy Muniyandi, Kavita Munjal, Efren Murillo-Zamora, Vignesh Kaniyappan Murugan, Sani Musa, Sathish Muthu, Saravanan Muthupandian, Claude Mambo Muvunyi, Muhammad Muzaffar, Woojae Myung, Mahdi Nabi Foodani, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Karikalan Nagarajan, Ghada H. Naguib, Firzan Nainu, Hastyar Hama Rashid Najmuldeen, Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari, Ibrahim A Naqid, Shumaila Nargus, Abdulqadir J. Nashwan, Hamide Nasiri, Mahmoud Nassar, Zuhair S. Natto, Zakira Naureen, Muhammad Abdullah Naveed, Anum Nawaz, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Javad Nazari, G. 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Roy Chowdhury, Polani Rubeshkumar, Guilherme de Andrade Ruela, Tilleye Runghien, Neeti Rustagi, Chandan S N, Aly M A Saad, Mohamed Saad, Adnan Saad Eddin, Michela Sabbatucci, Maha Saber-Ayad, Cameron John Sabet, Siamak Sabour, Mamta Sachdeva Dhingra, Seyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei, Muhammad Nabeel Saddique, Bashdar Abuzed Sadee, Ehsan Sadeghi, Bassem Sadek, Hossein Sadr, Mohd Saeed, Umar Saeed, Maryam Saeedi, Mehdi Safari, Mastooreh Sagharichi, Amene Saghazadeh, Ashok Kumar Sah, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes Saheb Sharif‐Askari, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Monalisha Sahu, Sushil Kumar Sahu, Morteza Saki, Joseph W. Sakshaug, Nasir Salam, Mohammed Salameh, Afeez Abolarinwa Salami, Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem, Zikria Saleem, Mohamed A. Saleh, Mahdi Salehi, Timur Saliev, Sohrab Salimi, Malik Sallam, Yoseph Leonardo Samodra, Abdallah M Samy, Sandeep G Sangle, Rama Krishna Sanjeev, Sathish Sankar, Vivek Sanker, Aswini Saravanan, Mohammad Sarmadi, Gargi S. Sarode, Sachin C Sarode, Benn Sartorius, Michele Sassano, Mukesh Kumar Sathya Narayanan, Maheswar Satpathy, Mehrdad Savabi Far, Chrıstophe Schınckus, Ghil Schwarz, Anita Sejben, Siddharthan Selvaraj, Yuliya Semenova, Ashenafi Kibret Sendekie, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Dragoş Şerban, Yashendra Sethi, Seyed Mohammad Seyed Alshohadaei, Dina Seyedi, Allen Seylani, Yara Shaalan, Samiah Shahid, Syed Ahsan Shahid, Wajeehah Shahid, Endrit Shahini, Moyad Jamal Shahwan, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ali Shakerimoghaddam, Sadia Shakoor, Sunder Sham, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Anas Shamsi, Alfiya Shamsutdinova, Dan Shan, Mohammed Shannawaz, Amin Sharifan, Javad Sharifi Rad, Bunty Sharma, Kamlesh Sharma, Manoj K Sharma, Ravi Kumar Sharma, Vishal Sharma, Ramzi Shawahna, Hatem Samir Shehata, Ali Sheidaei, Suchitra M Shenoy, Samendra P. Sherchan, Mahabalesh Shetty, Pavanchand H Shetty, Premalatha K Shetty, Md Monir Hossain Shimul, Aminu Shittu, Velizar Shivarov, Azad Shokri, Sina Shool, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Suleiman Adeiza Shuaibu, Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, L. A. Silva, Eric A.F. Simoes, Akanksha Singh, Amit Kumar Singh, Baljinder Singh, Bhim Pratap Singh, Harmanjit Singh, Harpreet Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Poornima Suryanath Singh, Puneetpal Singh, Samer Singh, Surjit Singh, Mukesh Kumar Sinha, Robert Sinto, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Mahdieh SobhZahedi, Bogdan Socea, Heidi M Soeters, Anton Sokhan, Ahmed M Soliman, May Mohamed Sherif Soliman, Noha Soliman, Hossein Soltaninejad, Xiuling Song, Prashant Sood, Soroush Soraneh, Michele Sorrentino, Anna Maria Spagnolo, Edina Spahic, Bahadar S. Srichawla, Kannan Sridharan, Manikandan Srinivasan, Shyamkumar Sriram, Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai, Andy Stergachis, Chen‐Yang Su, Omer Subasi, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, Hasnat Sujon, Oksana Sulaieva, Sahabi Kabir Sulaiman, Mark J. M. Sullman, Thanigaivel Sundaram, Vinay Suresh, Chandan Kumar Swain, Łukasz Szarpak, Sree Sudha T Y, Payam Tabaee Damavandi, Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei, Shima Tabatabai, Celine Tabche, Zanan Mohammed-Ameen Taha, Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Jabeen Taiba, Shima Tajabadi, Iman M. Talaat, Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi, Ker‐Kan Tan, Mohammad Tanashat, Mengistie Kassahun Tariku, Saba Tariq, Anika Tasnim, Nathan Y Tat, Yome Tawaldemedhen, Mebrahtu G. Tedla, Abainash Tekola, Tarilate Temedie-Asogwa, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Wegen Beyene Beyene Tesfamariam, Azimeraw Arega Tesfu, Belay Tessema, Chandan Kumar Thakur, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Ismaeel Tharwat, Samar Tharwat, Mehakpreet Kaur Thind, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Madi Tleshev, Sojit Tomo, Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone, An Thien Tran, Quynh Thuy Huong Tran, Tanja Tran, Thang Huu Tran, Nguyen Tran Minh Duc, Van-Long Trinh, Christopher Daniel Tristan, Samuel Tromans, Claudia Truppa, Vasilis‐Spyridon Tseriotis, Lawrence Sena Tuglo, Aniefiok John Udoakang, Atta Ullah, Himayat Ullah, Riaz Ullah, Saeed Ullah, Lawan Umar, Muhammad Umar, Dinesh Upadhya, Era Upadhyay, Jibrin Sammani Usman, Dilber Uzun Ozsahin, Hande Uzunçıbuk, Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan, Pascual Ruben Valdez, Raman Swathy Vaman, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Baskar Venkidasamy, Akshaya Kumar Verma, Poonam Verma, Aliscia Vieira, Simone Villa, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Leonardo Villani, María Fernanda Vinueza‐Veloz, Andres Fernando Vinueza-Veloz, Linh Vu, Yasir Waheed, Megha Walia, Arvinder Wander, Liang Wang, Xingxin Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Kosala Gayan Weerakoon, Ishanka Weerasekara, Xueying Wei, Anggi Lukman Wicaksana, Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Angga Wilandika, Phoebe Catherine May Williams, Andrew Awuah Wireko, Tewodros Eshete Wonde, Florence Gyembuzie Wongnaah, Claire Wright, Felicia Wu, James Fan Wu, Zenghong Wu, Zhijia Xia, Na Xiao, Site Xu, Mukesh Kumar Yadav, Sajad Yaghoubi, Saba Yahoo (Syed), Galal Yahya, Hao Yan, Haibo Yang, Kaiqi Yang, Xinxin Yang, Haiqiang Yao, Laiang Yao, Mohammad Hossein YektaKooshali, Saber Yezli, Siyan Yi, Vahit Yiğit, Dehui Yin, Malede Berihun Yismaw, Yazachew Engida Yismaw, Dong Keon Yon, Yong Yu, Quan Yuan, Monal Yuwanati, Mubashir Zafar, Manijeh Zaghampour, Dilmurat Zairov, Fathiah Zakham, Giulia Zamagni, Aurora Zanghì, Michael Zastrozhin, Mohammed Zawiah, Mohammed G M Zeariya, Jehan Zeb, Ebisa Zerihun, Eyael M Zeru, Haijun Zhang, Julio Min Fei Zhang, Pei Zhang, Xiaoyi Zhang, Murat Zhanuzakov, Zhounan Zhu, Abzal Zhumagaliuly, Magdalena Zielińska, Yossef Teshome Zikarg, Rafat Zrieq, Alimuddin Zumla, Ahed Zyoud, Sa’ed H. 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