Advances in Genome Editing and Biotechnological Approaches for Designing Salt Tolerance in Crop Species

Le résumé fourni par la source

Salt stress is one of the key problems facing the worldwide agriculture sector, and it has a negative impact on crop productivity and nutritional quality, which leads to food and nutritional security and economic sustainability issues. Hence, scientists have long had as their main objective to develop stress-tolerant high-yielding crop varieties to ensure food availability for a burgeoning population. Traditional breeding has been used to develop salt-tolerant crops, but the process is often time-consuming, costly, and yields limited success.. Hence, with recent technological advancements in the field of genetic engineering, advanced techniques have been employed to develop climate-resilient crops. This chapter explores the forefront of agricultural innovation, focusing on advances in genome-editing and biotechnological strategies tailored to enhance salt tolerance in crop species. Beginning with an overview of the challenges posed by soil salinity in agriculture and the limitations of traditional breeding, the narrative unfolds into a detailed examination of cutting-edge genome editing techniques such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats / CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), and Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs). The chapter delves into the molecular intricacies of salt tolerance, exploring how specific genes and pathways respond to salt stress and looking forward to potential future developments, including precision improvements in genome editing, multi-gene editing, integration of omics technologies, and dynamic responses. Other biotechnological approaches, including genomics-assisted breeding, transgenics, and synthetic biology, are also dissected for their unique contributions to crop improvement. The chapter will aid readers in improving their comprehension of the molecular and biotechnological methods utilized in the development of crop cultivars resistant to salt.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.