Aspiration of Araucaria angustifolia branches as a cause of respiratory disease and mortality in cattle from Santa Catarina state, Brazil

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ABSTRACT: Araucaria angustifolia (“pine tree”) is an evergreen tree from the South region of Brazil. Its sharp, leathery leaves (3-5 cm long) penetrate the nostrils and, once inhaled, are difficult to expel. Reports of A. angustifolia branch aspiration in cattle are scarce. Therefore, this study reports eight cases of this condition in cattle from Santa Catarina state, Brazil, describing its clinical signs, disease progression and presentation, and macroscopic and microscopic findings. Affected cattle ranged in age (4-month to 10-year-old), including dairy 50% (4/8), beef 25% (2/8), and mixed breeds 25% (2/8), from Concórdia (4/8; 50%), Curitibanos (3/8; 37.5%), and São Cristóvão do Sul (1/8; 12.5%) municipalities. Clinical presentations involved peracute (1/8; 12.5%), subacute (2/8; 25%), and chronic (5/8; 62.5%). The peracute form was seen in a 4-month-old calf found dead, with autopsy revealing a 40 cm branch obstructing the trachea and left bronchus. Subacute cases lasted four to seven days, presenting respiratory and systemic clinical signs, and cavitary pneumonia with pine branch fragments observed grossly. Histology revealed extensive areas of pulmonary necrosis with fibrin deposition, suppurative inflammation, bacterial myriads, and plant debris. Chronic cases, lasting two to six months, also exhibited respiratory signs, with post mortem findings mainly characterized by pulmonary abscesses with fragments of the plant, and bronchiectasis in one case. Bacterial cultures from two cases were identified: Trueperella pyogenes and Corynebacterium sp. Therefore, aspiration of A. angustifolia branches is a differential diagnosis in cattle with respiratory disease in the South region of Brazil, where this tree is endemic, underscoring the importance of the accurate clinical and post mortem diagnosis.

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