Situational Factors Associated with Dietary Behavior in Stroke Patients During Rehabilitation: A Qualitative Study Based on the COM-B Model

Le résumé fourni par la source

Objective: This study investigated situational factors associated with dietary behavior in stroke patients during rehabilitation using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation - Behavior (COM-B) model, which explains behavior via three components: capability, opportunity, and motivation. Methods: This study employed a qualitative and descriptive design. Using purposive sampling, 17 stroke patients during rehabilitation were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Jiangsu Province, China, between July and September 2024. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and data were analyzed using directed content analysis. Results: The following themes and (sub)themes were identified. Capability: (1) a lack of knowledge relating to dietary management; (2) difficulty managing negative emotions; (3) reduced self-regulatory ability; (4) distress caused by symptoms of functional impairment. Opportunity: (1) support from the physical environment; (2) using and adjusting assistive feeding devices; (3) influence of the social environment; (4) accessibility and quality of external help services. Motivation: (1) clarification of eating intentions; (2) lack of focus during eating; (3) differences in food assessment. Conclusion: The situational factors associated with dietary behavior in stroke patients during rehabilitation are influenced by a complex interplay of factors within the personal, social, and environmental domains. The application of the COM-B model in this research is a significant contribution. It not only helps to clearly categorize and understand the various situational factors but also provides a structured framework for developing targeted interventions. Interventions that promote healthy dietary behaviors for stroke patients during rehabilitation should incorporate strategies to enhance capability, optimize opportunity, and strengthen motivation.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.