Cultural threads of memory: barriers and motivations for brain health, physical activity and nutrition among middle-aged and older Latinos

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OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) are projected to increase in the Latino population. Physical activity (PA) and adhering to the Mediterranean-DASH diet for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) have been shown to reduce the risk of AD/ADRD. However, limited research has explored Spanish-speaking Latinos' perceptions of PA and nutritional changes for brain health. Thus, the purpose of this study was to (1) explore Latinos' perceptions of brain health and health behavior modifications related to PA and nutrition to promote brain health and (2) amplify the voices of low-income, Spanish-speaking, middle-aged and older Latinos to inform culturally tailored interventions. DESIGN: The present study used a qualitative inquiry approach. Focus groups were conducted and analyzed by bilingual and bicultural researchers. Transcripts were open and axially coded through an inductive and deductive approach to identify major themes. RESULTS: Four focus groups were conducted with 26 middle-aged and older Spanish-speaking Latinos. Most participants were women (76.9%; n = 20), with an average age of 64.3 years. Four major themes were extracted: (1) knowledge and concerns about memory loss and Alzheimer's disease (AD); (2) strategies to prevent memory loss; (3) motivators for health behavior change; and (4) barriers to health behavior change. CONCLUSION: Spanish-speaking middle-aged and older Latinos had limited knowledge about AD/ADRD and expressed concerns about its impact on the Latino community. Findings highlight the need to create culturally tailored Spanish-language educational materials that emphasize the role of PA and nutrition in reducing AD/ADRD risk. Furthermore, future studies should address cultural and structural barriers to behavior change, including familism, low socioeconomic status, and limited awareness to reduce brain health disparities in this population.

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