Risk factors associated with solid oral tumors in dogs: a case–control study in São Paulo, Brazil

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Introduction: Solid oral tumors represent approximately 6% of malignant neoplasms in dogs, with melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and fibrosarcoma identified as the most prevalent types. This case-control study examined internal and external factors associated with their development. Methods: Owners of 80 dogs with oral tumors and 95 healthy controls completed a structured epidemiological questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Significant associations were identified regarding age, weight, reproductive status, dietary habits, and environmental exposures, such as barbecue smoke and professional dental cleaning. Discussion: These findings suggest potential risk factors, though the study's observational design requires cautious interpretation. Further investigation through prospective studies is warranted.

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