IL-17A, IFN-γ, and MIP-3α Plasma Profiles Predict Clinical Stage Transition in First-Episode Psychosis

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ABSTRACT Background Early detection of individuals at risk for clinical deterioration in first-episode psychosis (FEP) remains a vital challenge in psychiatric care. Emerging evidence indicates that immune dysregulation might play a crucial role in the pathophysiology and progression of psychotic disorders. Aims This study examined the predictive potential of a plasma cytokine and chemokine panel in anticipating clinical stage transition of FEP patients. Method Using multiplex immunoassays, plasma samples from a cohort of 35 FEP patients were screened for the quantification of 21 analytes. Participants were clinically assessed at baseline and follow-up and classified according to a validated staging model. Data was used to predict clinical stability over a 12-month follow-up period. Results IL-17A was found to be significantly increased in transitioning patients (p = 0.045), with a medium standardized effect size and wide confidence interval (Hedges’ g = - 0.687, 95% CI [-1.379, 0.004]). A logistic regression model was determined, which revealed that higher baseline levels of IL-17A were significantly linked to progression to a more advanced clinical stage, while higher baseline levels of MIP-3α and IFN-γ were associated with clinical stability. This combined cytokine model exhibited strong predictive capacity (AUC = 0.853), indicating its potential as a biomarker panel for early risk assessment. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of neuroimmune mechanisms in the development of psychotic disorders and advocate for the inclusion of immunological markers within staging-based models of care. Incorporating cytokine profiling into clinical practice could improve personalised treatment strategies and lead to better long-term outcomes for individuals with FEP.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.