Understanding the Mosaic of Dual Primary Malignancies through Real-World Data at a Tertiary Care Center in Urban India

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Aims and Objectives: Portrayal of real world data of patients presenting with multiple primary malignancies at a tertiary care center in urban India. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of data collected over a period of 10 years, from 2014 to 2024. Data were extracted from electronic medical records, including demographics, family history, clinical presentation, types and stages of cancers, genetic testing, treatment regimens, and follow-up outcomes. Results: The study included 4,500 patients of which 13 patients (0.28%) were found to have more than one primary malignancy. Of these cases, 4 were males, and 9 females; with an average age of presentation being 55 years for the first malignancy. Significant family history was observed in 3 cases—with unrelated malignancies between generations observed in one of the them. The average time interval was 56 months between the first and second, and 40 months between second and third malignancies. Four of the malignancies were synchronous (diagnosed within a period of 6 months from each other), while nine were metachronous. Conclusion: We noticed a variability in the incidence of dual malignancies globally (2–17%), as well as among different regions in India—Northern India (0.67%), Western India (1.51%) and Southern India (0.08%). The limited availability of genetic and treatment data highlights the need for diagnostic approaches and personalized treatment plans, along with comprehensive data collection across India. Publication History Article published online: 20 February 2026 © 2026. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd. A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

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