Use of free sunscreen dispensers: an observational and qualitative study at primary schools in the Netherlands

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BackgroundRising skin cancer rates emphasise the need for sun protection measures. While sunscreen is a widely accepted protective measure, its use faces barriers such as perceived inconvenience and forgetfulness. Free sunscreen dispensers aim to mitigate these barriers and promote sunscreen use in various environments. As children are an important target group for skin cancer preventive efforts, placement of sunscreen dispensers at primary schools offers potential to promote sunscreen use. However, to date, their value remains underexplored. MethodsA mixed-method study design was applied to evaluate the use and implementation of sunscreen dispensers at three primary schools in the Netherlands. Structured observations (n=1040), guided by an observation checklist, were conducted to assess dispenser use in practice. Additionally, group interviews with pupils (n=112) were carried out to explore their perceptions regarding the dispensers and their motives for (non-)use. Individual interviews (n=6) with school stakeholders (i.e., management, teachers, and facility staff) were conducted to identify perceived facilitators and barriers to implementation.ResultsObservations revealed that sunscreen dispenser use varied from 6.8% to 42.7% across schools and times. In total, 29.9% of users were encouraged by teachers. Both pupils and stakeholders were positive about the dispensers. Pupils’ main motive for dispenser use was prevention of harmful consequences of the sun, while motives for non-use included weather conditions, no perceived need, and impracticalities. Implementation was facilitated by the ease of use of sunscreen dispensers, supportive environments, and information provision, but hindered by practical concerns and pupils’ need for assistance. ConclusionSunscreen dispensers were positively evaluated by pupils and stakeholders, their use depending on several contextual and behavioural factors. Integrating sunscreen dispensers into a comprehensive educational approach for skin cancer prevention at primary schools is key to overcome practical barriers

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