Sex-Related Differences After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Retrospective Propensity-Matched Cohort

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OBJECTIVES: Sex differences in outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remain incompletely understood. Earlier studies described a "sex paradox," with women experiencing more procedural complications but similar or superior survival compared with men. However, most data derive from earlier device generations, and contemporary evidence is limited. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed all patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent TAVI at the University Hospital of Angers between January 2012 and December 2023. Clinical and procedural characteristics were collected from a dedicated database. Propensity-score matching (1:1) was performed to account for baseline differences. The primary end-point was 30-day mortality. RESULTS: A total of 2718 patients underwent TAVI, of whom 49.1% were women. Women were older but had fewer comorbidities than men. After matching (1320 pairs), procedural duration was similar, but women more often required alternative access and received self-expandable valves. Thirty-day mortality did not differ between sexes, but all-cause mortality was significantly higher in men (P < .01). Women had a greater incidence of postoperative stroke, particularly in low-risk patients, whereas men had higher rates of acute renal failure and pacemaker implantation. The survival probability was higher for women in overall population and in low- and intermediate-risk patients. CONCLUSIONS: In this large, contemporary cohort, women experienced more strokes, whereas men had higher all-cause mortality and conduction-related complications. These findings underscore persistent sex-specific differences in TAVI outcomes and highlight the need for tailored procedural strategies.

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