Graphene-starch based electrodes for flexible sensing applications

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Flexible and sustainable electrode platforms are essential for the development of eco-friendly sensing devices. In this work, interdigitated electrodes (IDE) were fabricated via 3D-printed mold using graphene conductive ink on thermoplastic starch (TPS) films derived from sugar palm starch. The TPS films were prepared through solution casting with 30 wt% glycerol as a plasticizer, followed by the casting of graphene conductive ink onto the TPS substrate using 3D-printed molds with finger spacings of 1 to 3 mm. Morphological analysis revealed a well-distributed graphene layer with a thickness of 32.9 µm on the TPS film, which enhances mechanical stability and ensures high electrical conductivity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that the charge transfer resistance (Rct) increased from 8.46 × 10⁵ Ω to 3.36 × 10⁶ Ω as electrode finger spacing increased from 1 mm to 3 mm which highlights the influence of gap on electron transfer. These findings confirm that biodegradable TPS substrates combined with graphene inks yield low-cost, flexible, and conductive electrodes with strong potential for electrochemical sensing applications.

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