The Vertical Structure of Radiative Forcing and its Effect on Rapid Tropospheric Adjustment

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Abstract The increase in CO 2 not only changes the energy balance at the top of the atmosphere but also alters the heating rate at every height level of the troposphere. This uneven vertical heating has significant implications for rapid adjustments within the troposphere. Using the RRTMG model, we have revealed the three-dimensional structure of radiative forcing associated with a quadrupling of CO 2 . Additionally, through idealized numerical experiments, we have demonstrated that the vertical structure of radiative forcing is the cause of these rapid tropospheric adjustments. The results indicate that the vertical structure of radiative forcing influences not only the change of temperature and humidity within the troposphere but also the rapid change of cloud amount and cloud radiative effects. The rapid adjustment of shortwave cloud radiation is primarily linked to the adjustment of low cloud in the troposphere, while the adjustment of longwave cloud radiation is largely associated with the initial distribution of cloud amount. Moreover, the vertical structure of radiative forcing also plays a crucial role in the adjustment of sensible and latent heat, as well as precipitation processes in the troposphere.

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