Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Epigenetic Alterations in SYNJ1 Gene with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An In Vitro Study

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Epigenetic changes, abnormal gene expression, and mutations can be the reason for apoptosis, migration, and proliferation by interference with vital cell functions, promoting malignancy growth with respect to SYNJ1.6 This was achieved by using the gene to understand some of its mechanisms serving as biomarkers or targets for interventions focusing on SYNJ1 genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic profiling.7 IntroductIonHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a leading malignancy around the world.A major portion of this condition leads to cancer-related mortality occurring in the larynx, throat, and oral cavity, etc. 1 Genetic predisposition is a leading factor for the pathogenesis of HNSCC, along with alcohol and tobacco use, lifestyle, and environmental factors. 2 Due to end-stage diagnosis, high recurrence rates, and end-stage resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, all of the above are causes of HNSCC poor prognosis, and this remains a major drawback despite the presence of advanced medical facilities.3 In the run for mitigation of these kinds of health conditions, modern research has been working toward unraveling the molecular basis of HNSCC by targeting particular gene targets that will help with faster and early diagnosis of HNSCC and contribute to efficient and timely personalized approaches for treatment.4 The SYNJ1 gene, known as synaptojanin-1, received considerable attention as its role in recycling synaptic vesicles and signaling among cells of the nervous system was one of the first subjects of studies associated with Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder.5 Among its roles in cancer biology in recent times, cytoskeletal organization, cellular signaling, and vesicle trafficking are significant activities played by the SYNJ1 gene.

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