Funiliomyces Aptroot

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Funiliomyces Aptroot, Stud. Mycol. 50 (2): 309 (2004) Type species. Funiliomyces biseptatus Aptroot, Stud. Mycol. 50 (2): 309 (2004). Index Fungorum: IF 500164. Holotype. CBS H-10505. Type information. Brazil, Minas Gerais, Catas Altas, Serro do Caraça, Parque Natural do Caraça, near Funil, 1 km NW of monastery Santuário do Caraça, 20 ° 06 ' S, 43 ° 29 ' W, on dead leaf of Bromeliaceae in rock field, 18 Sept. 1997, A. Aptroot, holotype herb. CBS H-10505, isotypes herb. SP, living culture ex-type CBS 100373, also dried culture CBS H-10506. Description. See Aptroot (2004) on page 309. Emended diagnosis. Saprobic, endophytic, or epiphytic on diverse plant hosts in tropical to temperate regions. Sexual morph: Ascomata black, subglobose, immersed to erumpent. Wall composed of irregular layers of regularly melanized, flattened cells, with no color change in KOH. Paraphyses absent. Asci cylindrical, 8 - spored, with a thickened apex bearing a central refractive, IKI-negative apical apparatus, and enclosed by parenchymatous tissue. Ascospores pale brown, torpedo-shaped, 2 - septate, upper cell pointed, lower cell rounded, hyaline granules or oil droplets, bearing two hyaline mucilaginous appendages. Asexual morph: Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, smooth, hyaline to pale brown hyphae, s ometimes forming hyphal ropes. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, solitary or in small groups, erect, straight to flexuous, subcylindrical to cylindrical (apex sometimes inflated), simple or occasionally branched, hyaline to brown, septate, sometimes reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal or lateral, sympodial, mono- to polyblastic, hyaline to brown, cylindrical to clavate, with flat-tipped or denticulate apices; denticles (when present) large, cylindrical to geniculate, cylindrical, truncate, or pimple-like, or lacking entirely. Conidia solitary, hyaline to pale smoky, smooth, septate, narrowly fusiform to cylindrical, with obtuse, subobtuse, or tapering apices and truncate or rounded bases, dimensions variable among species. Notes. Funiliomyces was first described by Aptroot (2004) as a monospecific genus, containing only its type species F. biseptatus s. With respect to ten species previously assigned to Dactylaria, our phylogenetic evidence shows they are phylogenetically distant from the type species of the genus (Dactylaria purpurella) (Fig. 1). However, these ten species cluster with Funiliomyces biseptatus, forming a distinct, well-supported lineage (Fig. 2). Therefore, in accordance with the “ One Fungus, One Name ” principle, we transfer these ten species to Funiliomyces and introduce the new species F. jiangxiensis within this genus. This emendation expands the genus to encompass both sexual and asexual morphs. The type species, F. biseptatus, represents the sexual morph, characterized by torpedo-shaped ascospores with two nearly central septa and appendages. In contrast, the eleven other species represent the asexual morphs, producing hyaline, septate conidiophores with sympodial, denticulate conidiogenous cells and solitary, hyaline, clavate or fusoid-ellipsoid conidia.

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