Association between gut microbiota and vascular ageing in a multi-ethnic population in the HELIUS Study

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Abstract Background Vascular ageing (VA) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Its early identification is particularly challenging in migrant populations, who experience higher cardiovascular risk. Emerging evidence links gut microbiota (GM) to vascular health, but population-based studies in ethnically diverse groups remain limited. Therefore, we evaluated the association between GM and VA markers in a multi-ethnic population while exploring sex and ethnic differences. Methods This cross-sectional analysis included 2,446 adults from the HELIUS cohort in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. VA markers, including aortic pulse wave velocity, central systolic blood pressure, and augmentation index, were measured using validated techniques. GM was profiled via 16S rRNA sequencing. Differentially abundant taxa were identified using ANCOM-BC2 and further evaluated in adjusted linear and logistic regression models incorporating sex and ethnicity interactions. Results VA profiles differ substantially across ethnic groups, with the highest vascular burden among Surinamese and Ghanaian participants. Higher abundance of Faecalibacterium (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81, 0.99) , Bacteroides (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81, 0.98), and Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.99) is associated with lower odds of arterial stiffness. Coprococcus 3, Fusicatenibacter , and members of the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families are also linked to better vascular health, whereas Streptococcus and Sutterella are associated with poorer vascular profiles. Several associations differ by sex and ethnicity, particularly among Surinamese and Ghanaian participants. Conclusions Our findings support a link between GM composition and VA markers, with sex- and ethnic-specific differences that may inform future research on microbiota-targeted strategies for cardiovascular prevention.

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