Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks, 1990-2022
George A. Mensah, Valentin Fuster, Christopher J.L. Murray, Gregory A. Roth, Yohannes Abate, Mohammadreza Abbasian, Foad Abd-Allah, Ashkan Abdollahi, Mohammad Abdollahi, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Auwal Abdullahi, Ayele Mamo Abebe, Aidin Abedi, Armita Abedi, Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh, Salahdein Aburuz, Abdelrahman I. Abushouk, Ahmed Abu-Zaid, Tigist Demssew Adane, Nicola J. Adderley, Oladimeji Adebayo, Bashir Aden, Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa, Olorunsola Adeyomoye, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Fatemeh Afrashteh, Shadi Afyouni, Saira Afzal, Pradyumna Agasthi, Antonella Agodi, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera Arriagada, Williams Agyemang‐Duah, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Firdos Ahmad, Muayyad M Ahmad, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Marjan Ajami, Karolina Akinosoglou, Moein Ala, Tareq Mohammed Ali AL-Ahdal, Samer O Alalalmeh, Ziyad Al‐Aly, Nazmul Alam, Rasmieh Al‐Amer, Alaa Alashi, Mohammed Albashtawy, Mohammad T AlBataineh, Haileselasie Berhane Alema, Sharifullah Alemi, Yihun Mulugeta Alemu, Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi, Khalid F. Alhabib, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa, Mohammed Usman Ali, Rafat Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait Ali, Gianfranco Alicandro, Reyhaneh Alikhani, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, François Alla, Wael Almahmeed, Sabah Al-Marwani, Jordi Alonso, Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi, Farrukh Jawad Alvi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Hassan Alwafi, Hany Aly, Prince M. Amegbor, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Alireza Amindarolzarbi, M. Amini-Raran, Sohrab Amiri, Enrico Ammirati, Tanu Anand, Robert Ancuceanu, Deanna Anderlini, Abhishek Anil, Golnoosh Ansari, P.E. Anyanwu, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Geminn Louis Carace Apostol, Jalal Arabloo, Mosab Arafat, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Olatunde Aremu, Benedetta Armocida, Johan Ärnlöv, Oluwaseyi Olalekan Arowosegbe, Anton A Artamonov, Kurnia Dwi Artanti, Judie Arulappan, Idowu Aruleba, Ashokan Arumugam, Zahra Aryan, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Thomas Astell-Burt, Mahshid Ataei, Mohammad Athar, Alok Atreya, Avinash Aujayeb, Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe, Amdehiwot Aynalem, Zahra Azizi, Ahmed Y. Azzam, Abraham Samuel Babu, Muhammad Badar, F.M. Bader, Ashish Badiye, Arvind Bagga, Sara Bagherieh, Farshad Bahrami Asl, Ruhai Bai, Jennifer L. Baker, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Abdulaziz T. Bako, Ravleen Kaur Bakshi, Saliu A. Balogun, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Kiran Bam, Maciej Banach, Soham Bandyopadhyay, Biswajit Banik, Palash Chandra Banik, Kannu Bansal, Hamid Reza Baradaran, Franca Barbic, Martina Barchitta, Mainak Bardhan, Suzanne Barker‐Collo, Till Bärnighausen, Francesco Barone‐Adesi, Sandra Barteit, Lingkan Barua, Azadeh Bashiri, Mohsen Bayati, Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn, Emad Behboudi, Amir Hossein Behnoush, Yannick Béjot, Sefealem Assefa Belay, Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Uzma Belgaumi, Michelle L. Bell, Luís Belo, Salaheddine Bendak, Bright Benfor, Derrick Bennett, Isabela M. Bensenor, Catherine P. Benziger, Azizullah Beran, Adam E. Berman, Amiel Nazer C Bermudez, Gregory J Bertolacci, Habtamu B. Beyene, Kebede A. Beyene, Akshaya Srikanth Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Prarthna V Bhardwaj, Vivek Bhat, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Boris Bikbov, András Bikov, Marina G. Birck, Bijit Biswas, Saeid Bitaraf, Aadam Olalekan Bodunrin, Eyob Ketema Bogale, Kassawmar Angaw Bogale, Archith Boloor, Milad Bonakdar Hashemi, Hamed Borhany, Edward J. Boyko, Dejana Braithwaite, Luisa C. Brant, Michael Brauer, Susanne Breitner, Andrey Briko, Lemma N. Bulto, Yasser Bustanji, Zahid A. Butt, Daniela Calina, 曹 凡, Rosario Cárdenas, Sinclair Carr, Giulia Carreras, Juan J. Carrero, Márcia Carvalho, João Maurício Castaldelli-Maia, Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Luca Cegolon, Ester Cerin, Yaacoub Chahine, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan, Mei Chan, Raymond N.C. Chan, Periklis Charalampous, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, An-Tian Chen, Catherine S Chen, Haowei Chen, Suma Sri Chennapragada, Derek S. Chew, Gerald Chi, Patrick R Ching, Abdulaal Chitheer, So Mi Jemma Cho, William C.S. Cho, Bryan Chong, Hitesh Chopra, Rahul Choudhary, E. Chowdhury, Rajiv Chowdhury, Dinh‐Toi Chu, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe Cicero, Zinhle Cindi, Iolanda Cioffi, Kaleb Coberly, Sean Coffey, Alyssa Columbus, João Conde, Sara Conti, Barbara Corso, Sandra Cortés, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Vera Marisa Costa, Rosa A S Couto, Emma Johnson Cowart, Michael H. Criqui, Jessica A. Cruz, Sriharsha Dadana, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Zhaoli Dai, Maxwell Ayindenaba Dalaba, Albertino Antonio Moura Damasceno, Giovanni Damiani, Emanuele D’Amico, Saswati Das, Subasish Das, Mohsen Dashti, Mohammad Dashtkoohi, Maedeh Dastmardi, Kairat Davletov, Aklilu Tamire Debele, Shayom Debopadhaya, Nicole DeCleene, Iván Delgado‐Enciso, Juana María Delgado-Saborit, Berecha Hundessa Demessa, Andreas K. Demetriades, Xinlei Deng, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Nebiyu Dereje, Awoke Masrie Asrat Derese, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Rupak Desai, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan, Sourav Dey, Vishal Dhulipala, Daniel Diaz, Michael J. Diaz, Delaney D Ding, Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira, Thành Chí, Thao Huynh Phuong Do, Saeid Doaei, Sushil Dohare, Wanyue Dong, Mario D’Oria, Wendel Mombaque dos Santos, Abdel Douiri, Robert Kokou Dowou, Ashel Chelsea Dsouza, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Viola Dsouza, Mi Du, André Rodrigues Durães, Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye, Sulagna Dutta, Arkadiusz Dziedzic, Alireza Ebrahimi, Defi Efendi, Ferry Efendi, Diyan Ermawan Effendi, Ebrahim Eini, Michael Ekholuenetale, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Iman El Sayed, Maha El Tantawi, Iffat Elbarazi, Frank J. Elgar, Islam Y. Elgendy, Muhammed Elhadi, Waseem El-Huneidi, Mehdi Emamverdi, Theophilus I. Emeto, Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar, Tesfahun C. Eshetie, Juan Espinosa-Montero, F. Etaee, Natalia Fabin, Ibtihal Fadhil, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Luca Falzone, Carla Sofia E Farinha, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud Faris, André Faro, Mithila Faruque, Medhat Farwati, Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi, Ali Fatehizadeh, Pooria Fazeli, Valery L. Feigin, Xiaoqi Feng, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Abdullah Feroze, Pietro Ferrara, Nuno Ferreira, Irina Filip, Laura Fleszar, David Flood, Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn Foláyan, Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov, Diogo A. Fonseca, Carla Fornari, Matteo Foschi, Richard C. Franklin, Takeshi Fukumoto, Péter Gaál, Muktar A. Gadanya, Shilpa Gaidhane, Abduzhappar Gaipov, Emmanuela Gakidou, Yaseen Galali, Silvano Gallus, Aravind P. Gandhi, Balasankar Ganesan, Rupesh K. Gautam, Miglas Welay Gebregergis, Kahsu Gebrekirstos Gebrekidan, Johanna M Geleijnse, Urge Gerema, Alireza Ghajar, Seyyed‐Hadi Ghamari, MohammadReza Ghasemi, Ghazal Ghasempour Dabaghi, Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh, Ramy Mohamed Ghazy, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Arun Digambarrao Ghuge, Paramjit Gill, Tiffany K. Gill, Richard F. Gillum, E. V. Gnedovskaya, Ali Golchin, Pouya Goleij, Giuseppe Gorini, A C Goulart, Anmol Goyal, Kashish Goyal, Shi‐Yang Guan, Giovanni Guarducci, Mesay Dechasa Gudeta, Avirup Guha, Stefano Guicciardi, David Gulisashvili, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Cui Guo, Anish Kumar Gupta, Bhawna Gupta, Indarchand Ratanlal Gupta, Kartik Gupta, Mohak Gupta, Rajat Das Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Renu Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Vivek Gupta, Lami Gurmessa, Reyna Alma Gutiérrez, Farrokh Habibzadeh, Mostafa Hadei, Helia Sadat Haeri Boroojeni, Aram Halimi, Sebastian Haller, Rabih Halwani, Randah R. Hamadeh (7956206), Nadia M. Hamdy, Hamidi Samer, Chieh Han, Qiuxia Han, Graeme J. Hankey, Md. Abdul Hannan, Arief Hargono, Josep María Haro, Faizul Hasan, Ikramul Hasan, Hamidreza Hasani, Maryam Hashemian, Md Saquib Hasnain, Amr Hassan, Ikrama Hassan, Johannes Haubold, Rasmus Havmoeller, Simon I. Hay, Khezar Hayat, Youssef Hbid, Omar E Hegazi, Tadele Yohannes Hegena, Mohammad Heidari, Bartosz Helfer, Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna, Claudiu Herţeliu, Hamed Hesami, Kamran Hessami, Keyvan Heydari, Kamal Hezam, Yuta Hiraike, Nguyen Quoc Hoan, Ramesh Holla, Md Mahbub Hossain, Md Belal Hossain, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Mohamed Hsaïri, Junjie Huang, Michael Hultström (838199), Hong-Han Huynh, Bing‐Fang Hwang, Khalid S. Ibrahim, Oluwatope Olaniyi Idowu, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M. Ilic, Milena Ilić, Mustapha Immurana, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Muhammad Iqhrammullah, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Faisal Ismail, NAHLAH ELKUDSSIAH ISMAIL, Gaetano Isola, Masao Iwagami, Linda Merin J, Jalil Jaafari, Louis Jacob, Abdollah Jafarzadeh, Khushleen Jaggi, Haitham Jahrami, Akhil Jain, Nityanand Jain, Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Roland Dominic G. Jamora, Nilofer Javadi, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Shubha Jayaram, Rime Jebai, Rebuma Sorsa Jeben, Sun Ha Jee, Prof. Anil K. Jha, Ravi Prakash Jha, Vivekanand Jha, Heng Jiang, Yinzi Jin, Yash Jobanputra, Catherine O. Johnson, Mohammad Jokar, Tamás Joó, Abel Joseph, Nitin Joseph, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Vidya Kadashetti, Farima Kahe, Rizwan Kalani (837874), Laleh R. Kalankesh, Farnaz Kalantar, Yogeshwar Kalkonde, Sanjay Kalra, Ashwin Kamath, Sagarika Kamath, Arun Kamireddy, Tanuj Kanchan, Himal Kandel, Arun R. Kanmanthareddy, Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi, Sushil Kumar Kansal, Daniel John Kapner, Sitanshu Sekhar Kar, Paschalis Karakasis, Prabin Karki, Faizan Kashoo, Hengameh Kasraei, Eskeziaw Abebe Kassahun, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Patrick D.M. C. Katoto, Neda Kaydi, Foad Kazemi, Sina Kazemian, Sara Kazeminia, Jessica A. 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Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Hare Krishna, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy, Md Abdul Kuddus, Mohammed Kuddus, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Vishnutheertha Kulkarni, Akshay Kumar, Ashish Kumar, Naveen Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Rahul Kumar, Netsanet Bogale Kumsa, Kunle Rotimi Kunle, Dian Kusuma (9154172), Ilias Kyriopoulos, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Muhammad Awwal Ladan, Lucie Laflamme, Chandrakant Lahariya, Arista Lahiri, Daphne Teck Ching Lai, Tea Lallukka, Qing Lan, Iván Landires, Francesco Lanfranchi, Bagher Larijani, Anders O. Larsson, Savita Lasrado, Kamaluddin Latief, Kaveh Latifinaibin, Jerrald Lau, Paolo Lauriola, Khuong Le, Long Khanh Dao Le, Nhi Huu Hanh Le, Thao Thi Thu Le, Trang Diep Thanh Le, Trang Thi Bich Le, Caterina Ledda, Munjae Lee, Paul H. Lee, Seung Won Lee, Wei‐Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Kate E LeGrand, Mall Leinsalu, Matilde Leonardi, Temesgen L. Lerango, An Li, Ming‐Chieh Li, Wei Li, Xiaopan Li, Li Y, Lee‐Ling Lim, Stephen S Lim, Ro‐Ting Lin, Megan Lindstrom, Shai Linn, Gang Liu, Simin Liu, Xiaofeng Liu, Xuefeng Liu, Katherine M. Livingstone, Erand ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4300-0433 Llanaj, Platon D Lopukhov, Cand Sci, Arianna Maever Loreche, László Lorenzovici, Stefan Lorkowski, P A Lotufo, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Alessandra Lugo, Zheng Feei, Farzan Madadizadeh, Ralph Maddison, Javier A. Magaña Gómez, Julien Magne, D. R. Mahadeshwara Prasad, Mehrdad Mahalleh, Mansour Adam Mahmoud, Elham Mahmoudi, Behnaz Mahmoudvand, Omar Mohamed Makram, Elaheh Malakan Rad, Reza Malekzadeh, Kashish Malhotra, Iram Malik, Muhammad Sajeel Ahmed Malik, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Aseer Manilal, Yosef Manla, Yasaman Mansoori, Borhan Mansouri, Pejman Mansouri, Mohammad Alì Mansournia, Hamid Reza Marateb, Mirko Marino, Daniela Martini, Santi Martini, Sharmeen Maryam, Roy Rillera Marzo, Alireza Masoudi, Sahar Masoudi, Clara N Matei, Yasith Mathangasinghe, Elezebeth Mathews, Manu Raj Mathur, Jishanth Mattumpuram, Richard J. Maude, Andrea Maugeri, Mahsa Mayeli, Mohsen Mazidi, John J. McGrath, Steven M. McPhail, Enkeleint A. Mechili, John Robert Carabeo Medina, Jitendra Kumar Meena, Kamran Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Max Alberto Mendez Mendez-Lopez, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G. Menezes, Belayneh Mengist, Sultan A. Meo, Haftu Asmerom Meresa, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Kukulege Chamila Dinushi Mettananda, Sachith Mettananda, Laurette Mhlanga, Tianyue Mi, Junmei Miao Jonasson, Tomasz Miazgowski, Irmina Maria Michałek, Ted R. Miller, Le Huu Nhat Minh, Neema W. Minja, Pouya Mir Mohammad Sadeghi, Niloofar Mirdamadi, Andreea Mirică, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Moonis Mirza, Mohammad Mirza‐Aghazadeh‐Attari, Prasanna Mithra, Zahra Moghimi, Jama Mohamed, Mouhand F. H. Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Soheil Mohammadi, Hussen Mohammed, Mustapha Mohammed, Salahuddin Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Nagabhishek Moka, Ali H. Mokdad, Hossein Molavi Vardanjani, Sara Momtazmanesh, Lorenzo Monasta, Fateme Montazeri, AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf, Yousef Moradi, Paula Moraga, Lídia Morawska, Negar Morovatdar, Shane D. 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Lukenze Tamuzi, Ker‐Kan Tan, Haosu Tang, Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang, Nathan Y Tat, Seyed Mohammad Tavangar, Hadi Tehrani, Mojtaba Teimoori, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Reem Mohamad Hani Temsah, Masayuki Teramoto, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Rajshree Thapa, Rekha Thapar, Aravind Thavamani, Rasiah Thayakaran, Nikhil Kenny Thomas, Jing Tian, Aleš Tichopád, Tala Tillawi, Marcello Tonelli, Roman Topor-Madry, Mathilde Touvier, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Jasmine T. Tran, Nghia Minh Tran, Van Phu Tran, Indang Trihandini, Avnish Tripathi, Samuel Tromans, Vien T. Truong, Thien Tan Tri Tai Truyen, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Guesh Mebrahtom Tsegay, Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini, Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu, Kang Tung, Chukwudi S. Ubah, Aniefiok John Udoakang, Arit Udoh, Atta Ullah, Sana Ullah, Muhammad Umair, Tungki Pratama Umar, Brigid Unim, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Era Upadhyay, Jibrin Sammani Usman, Seyed Mohammad Vahabi, Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan, Rohollah Valizadeh, Jef Van den Eynde, Orsolya Varga, Siddhartha Alluri Varma, Priya Vart, Shoban Babu Varthya, Tommi Vasankari, Balachandar Vellingiri, Dominique Vervoort, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Francesco S. Violante, Maria Viskadourou, Simona Ruxandra Volovăț, Theo Vos, Isidora S Vujcic, Hatem A Wafa, Feras Wahab, Cong Wang, Fang Wang, Nelson Wang, Shu Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Yuan‐Pang Wang, Melissa Y. Wei, Andrea Werdecker, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Tissa Wijeratne, Angga Wilandika, Shadrach Wilson, Charles Wolfe, Utoomporn Wongsin, Zenghong Wu, Hong Xiao, Suowen Xu, Xiaoyue Xu, Lalit Yadav, Yuichiro Yano, Habib Yaribeygi, Yuichi Yasufuku, Iman Yazdani Nia, Pengpeng Ye, Subah Abderehim Yesuf, Saber Yezli, Arzu Yiğit, Vahit Yiğit, Mekdes Tigistu Yilma, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Zabihollah Yousefi, Laetitia Yperzeele, Chuanhua Yu, Ismaeel Yunusa, Nima Zafari, Farbod Zahedi Tajrishi, Fathiah Zakham, Михаил Сергеевич Застрожин, Mohammad A. Zeineddine, Dawit T. Zemedikun, Youjie Zeng, Chunxia Zhai, Chen Zhang, Haijun Zhang, Hongwei Zhang, Liqun Zhang, Ning Zhang, Yunquan Zhang, Hanqing Zhao, Peng Zheng, Chenwen Zhong, Shuduo Zhou, Bin Zhu, Lei Zhu, Magdalena Zielińska, Yossef Teshome Zikarg, Mohammad Zmaili, Leo Zoeckler, Zhiyong Zou, Alimuddin Zumla, Elric Zweck, Samer H. Zyoud