A study on tranexamic acid among patients with heavy menstrual bleeding attending tertiary care hospital

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Background: Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is considered to be a public health challenge among women in the reproductive age group and it is the most commonly expressed complaints of women in our Gynecology OPD.The impact of HMB on a woman's quality of life has been well established and any intervention aims to improve this.Various methods including hormonal medications, antifibrinolytics, NSAIDS and surgical procedures are tried for the treatment of HMB.Aim and objective: The aim of the study is to determine the safety and efficacy of Tranexamic acid (TA) in the treatment of HMB. Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in 50 patients, who came to Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient Department with complaints of regular excessive menstrual bleeding.The data collection process includes measurement of blood loss during menstruation, duration of bleeding, number of sanitary pads changed per day, Hb estimation and recording the symptomatic complaints they had during each cycles.Results: The study pointed out that there was significant decrease in menstrual bleeding, noticed in 35 out of 50 women.The mean PBAC score reduced from 150 ± 20 to 82 ± 12 and the mean amount of menstrual bleeding reduced from 120 ± 20 to 60 ± 15 ml, after treatment with tranexamic acid.Seventy percentage of women showed reduction in menstrual bleeding by 40 to 50%.The percentage of patient who had haemoglobin more than10 gm% increased from 8% to 18 %.Sanitary pad usage reduced from 30±5 to 20±5 and duration of flow reduced from 8±2 to 7± 2. Patients acceptability 70 %.No serious side effects were reported.Conclusion: In this study, oral TA 3 grams per day was generally well tolerated when used for up to 5 days and exhibited a favorable safety profile.The patients also had potential improvement in their quality of life.TA is a first line oral, nonhormonal, cost effective, nonsurgical alternative in women presenting with cyclical HMB.

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