Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced pure red cell aplasia: a nationwide retrospective case series and literature review

Résumé fourni par la source

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may lead to rare but severe hematological adverse events, including pure red cell aplasia (ICI-PRCA). We conducted a nationwide retrospective national case-series and compiled our data with patients from the VigiBase international pharmacovigilance database. We gathered 16 cases of ICI-PRCA Among all the grade ≥ 3 adverse event reported in VigiBase, PRCA was more than two times more reported with ICI compared to all other drugs ROR [IC95%] 2.43 [1.89;3.13]. We identified 15 additional patients in our literature review. Half of the patients were women (52%), median age 63 years (range: 29-90). ICIs were mostly used in melanoma (48%) and lung adenocarcinoma (16%) in metastatic stage (29%). Monoclonal antibody targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1) alone was involved in 61% of cases. The median time from ICI initiation to symptoms onset was 63 days (range: 28-465). Grade ≥3 anemia in found in all cases (100%). Thirteen patients (42%) were treated with corticosteroids as monotherapy with an ORR of 69%. Thirteen patients (42%) required additional therapy. ICI therapy was discontinued in all patients and rechallenge was attempted in 4 patients (13%), with recurrence in one case. ICI-PRCA is a severe and early-onset immune adverse event. Both systemic steroids and cicloporine A seems effective in these immune-related forms.

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