Pregnancy Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Oligohydramnios

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Background: Oligohydramnios refers to reduced amniotic fluid volume during pregnancy and is associated with various maternal and fetal complications. It can lead to serious neonatal outcomes including meconium aspiration syndrome, respiratory distress syndrome, and low birth weight. Understanding the frequency of these complications is essential for improving prenatal management and neonatal care. Objective: To determine the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant patients with oligohydramnios. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Duration and Place of Study: This study was conducted from September 2024 to March 2025 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. Methodology: A total of 113 pregnant women aged 18 to 40 years with singleton pregnancies and gestational age of 37 weeks or more were included. Oligohydramnios was defined as amniotic fluid index of 5.0 centimeters or less on ultrasound examination. All participants were followed until delivery and neonatal outcomes were assessed. Data analysis was performed using chi square test and Fischer exact test with p value of 0.05 or less considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 28.65 years and mean gestational age was 39.06 weeks. Meconium aspiration syndrome was observed in 29 cases (25.70 percent), respiratory distress syndrome in 45 neonates (39.80 percent), and low birth weight in 52 babies (46.00 percent). Low birth weight showed significant association with maternal age of 30 years or less (54.5 percent, p = 0.031), parity of 2 or less (54.9 percent, p = 0.013), and poor socioeconomic status (47.9 percent, p = 0.029). Conclusion: Oligohydramnios in pregnant women is associated with high frequency of adverse neonatal outcomes.

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