Relationship between Serum Vitamin D Deficiency and Hormonal Imbalance in Obese Female Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

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Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition. It is characterized by hyperandrogenism and irregular ovulation. Obesity is often linked to PCOS. This study aimed to compare serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels between Saudi women with and without PCOS, considering factors such as BMI, Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) level, lipid profile, and hormones levels. Additionally, we explored the potential relationship between vitamin D deficiency and these parameters.Methods: This study involved 120 female Saudi participants (aged 18-45 years) divided into two groups: control and obese patients with PCOS. Serum concentrations of both 25OHD and DBP were determined by the sandwich ELISA method. Serum lipid profiles and hormones were measured, BMI was estimated, and insulin resistance was evaluated by measuring serum insulin concentrations alongside the Homeostasis Model Assessment.Results: In PCOS obese patients, there were significant increases " p<0.001" in BMI, TC, TG, LDL-C, testosterone, prolactin, and Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels, and significant decreases " p<0.001" in 25OHD, DBP, HDL-C, and Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in comparison to controls. Significant positive associations were found between vitamin D and DBP, HDL-C, and SHBG, and negative correlations with BMI, TC, TG, LDL-C, testosterone, prolactin, and DHEA-S in all patients group. No significant correlations between vitamin D and each of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Estradiol (E2), progesterone.Conclusions: Our study shows a significant correlation between vitamin D, DBP, and hormonal dysfunction in PCOS. Fluctuations in hormone levels are linked to reduced vitamin D levels in obese PCOS patients.Keywords: Vitamin D; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Obesity; Vitamin D-Binding Protein; Hormonal Dysfunction

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