Surface Warming Over Greenland Amplified by Remote Forcing From Tropical Atlantic

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Abstract During the satellite era, Greenland's surface air temperature has experienced a rapid warming trend, potentially lengthening the melting season and enhancing surface melting, contributing to ice mass loss. While previous studies have primarily attributed this warming to greenhouse gas forcing, regional feedbacks, and remote forcing from the tropical Pacific, the role of the Atlantic Ocean remains less explored. Using both observations and numerical model simulations, this study identifies an atmospheric teleconnection pattern triggered by tropical North Atlantic (TNA) sea surface temperature (SST) variability, which significantly contributes to surface warming over Greenland. This teleconnection exhibits strong seasonality, with a more pronounced connection during boreal winter and spring. Anomalous TNA warming initiates a poleward‐propagating Rossby wave train, inducing regional circulation adjustments that intensify thermal and moisture advection to Greenland. Enhanced downward long‐wave radiation, associated with these moisture changes, further amplifies the warming trend. These findings provide valuable insights into the warming of Greenland and, by extension, its potential implications for global sea level rise. Moreover, the identified teleconnection may improve the predictability and future projections of Greenland's climate.

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