Design and Realization of a Low-Cost $4 \times 4$ Butler Matrix Antenna Array for C-Band Beamforming

Le résumé fourni par la source

The article addresses the design and modelling of a beam-forming antenna array employing a$4 \times 4$Butler Matrix Network (BMN) for C-band applications. The proposed lowcost antenna is designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio Suite (V. 2024), and the prototype is fabricated using an in-house PCB manufacturing process. Simulated results demonstrate that the antenna can form beam patterns in four distinct directions$\left (\pm 3^{0}, \pm 19^{0}\right)$. The design achieves a wide −10db bandwidth of 14.5% at 5.575 GHz, along with a narrow bandwidth of$2.5 \%, 1.07 \%, 1 \%$, and 2.72% at$4.327,4.677,4.99$, and 6.6 GHz, respectively. Also, it exhibits very good gain and considerable radiation efficiency. Furthermore, excellent agreement between simulated and experimental results confirms the validity and effectiveness of the proposed design.

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