Metabolic Osteoimmune Biodegradable Zn–Mn Alloys: High Strength‐Ductility and In Situ Vascular‐Osteogenic Coupling

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Abstract Driven by the demand for sustainable, safe, and cost‐effective medical materials, design of biodegradable metals increasingly aims to achieve higher strength and biofunctionality with less alloying. This study proposes a high strengthening‐efficiency (high‐SE) design strategy and develops novel Zn‐0.8Mn‐0.1Mg and Zn‐0.8Mn‐0.1Li alloys. With total alloying additions below 1 wt.%, these alloys achieve yield strength of 369–397 MPa, elongation of 42–57%, and remarkable strengthening efficiency (SE) of 6.4–6.8. These SE values represent the highest level among high strength‐ductile Zn alloys (YS > 300 MPa, EL > 40%). Benefiting from the synergistic release of Zn 2+ , Mn 2+ , and Li + /Mg 2+ ions, both the alloys exhibit superior antibacterial activity, cytocompatibility, controlled degradation rates, and in vivo osteogenesis, demonstrating excellent degradation‐osteogenesis coupling effect. Notably, Zn‐0.8Mn‐0.1Mg further enhances osteogenesis by activating the PI3K/Akt/HIF‐1α signaling axis, which coordinates cascades of immunomodulation (e.g., IGF2, P2rx5), anti‐inflammation (e.g., Nfkbia inhibition), and cellular energy metabolism (e.g., Ndufaf3), resulting in a more pronounced osteogenic effect. This work establishes a new paradigm for high‐efficiency alloy design, achieving simultaneous breakthroughs in mechanical and biofunctionality, offering a promising framework for next‐generation Zn‐based orthopedic implants.

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