Bipolar Dihydrotetraazapentacene for Aqueous Zinc‐Organic Batteries via Proton/Anion Co‐storage

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Abstract Bipolar organic electrode materials featuring n‐p fused architectures, which enable precise integration of diverse nitrogen species within π‐conjugated frameworks, present a strategic pathway toward high‐performance aqueous zinc‐organic batteries. In this study, a bipolar‐redox dihydro‐5,7,12,14‐tetraazapentacene (DHTAP) cathode is reported that incorporates electron‐donating ( p ‐type) piperazine subunits and electron‐accepting ( n ‐type) pyrazine moieties into a pentacene‐based carbon skeleton. The synergistic nitrogen‐doping strategy effectively modulates the electronic structure and enhances the stability of redox intermediates. DHTAP delivers a high specific capacity of 264 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 , with concurrent demonstration of exceptional rate capability (80% capacity retention at 20C) and stable long‐cycle performance (10,000 cycles at 4.39 A g −1 ). Comprehensive mechanistic studies reveal that protons preferentially coordinate with pyrazine units at low potential, while anions bind to piperazine units at higher potential. This dual‐ion storage mechanism facilitates electrochemical reactions with a low energy barrier, providing new insights into the design of advanced organic electrodes through multi‐electron transfer processes.

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