Research progress of gut microbiota and allergic diseases

Le résumé fourni par la source

The incidence of allergic diseases has been steadily rising in recent decades, particularly among children, making it a significant global public health challenge. This increasing prevalence cannot be solely attributed to genetic factors; mounting evidence suggests a strong association between gut microbiota and allergic diseases. The decline in gut microbiota diversity and the disruption of microbiota homeostasis, largely driven by modern lifestyle factors, are critical environmental contributors to the global increase in allergic diseases over recent decades. The resulting immune imbalance and barrier dysfunction extend to distant organs, exacerbating allergic diseases via mechanisms such as the “gut-skin axis”, “gut-nose axis”, and “gut-lung axis”. Emerging therapies, including probiotics, prebiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, hold significant promise. Specific gut microbial factors may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. However, further intensive research is needed to clarify the causal relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and allergic diseases, as well as to elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving these epidemiologic associations. In addition, well-designed studies are required to develop optimal interventional strategies for restoring balanced intestinal microbial communities.

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