Modeling the Human Temporomandibular Joint: An Extensive Review of Finite Element Approaches and Biomechanical Insights

Le résumé fourni par la source

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex anatomical and biomechanical structure critical to mastication, speech, and overall craniofacial function. This review consolidates finite element analyses of the temporomandibular joint published in the last fifteen years. The content of over one hundred studies is organized into three topics: (a) Orthodontic treatment, which reshapes pressure and tension in the area; (b) craniofacial deformities—chiefly mandibular projection; and (c) joint dysfunctions, in which temporary or permanent disc displacement and disc perforation significantly redefine contact pressure. Together, these models clarify how mechanical responses differ with treatment, anatomy, and pathology. The study also reviews treatment approaches, including occlusal splints and prosthetic joint replacements, in the context of biomechanical insight provided by finite element (FE) analysis. Prompted by the frequent occurrence of TMJ-related injuries among cyclists and motorcyclists, this study presents a concise synthesis of epidemiology, injury mechanisms, and current human body modeling gaps. It contributes to the understanding of TMJ biomechanics and supports the design of more effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

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