Identification of High-Yielding and Stables Genotypes of Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) under Cultivation Conditions in the Savannah District of Northern Côte d'Ivoire

Le résumé fourni par la source

In Côte d'Ivoire, millet production remains low and highly variable due to the use of local seed varieties that are low-yielding and unsuited to the current climate variability. It therefore seems necessary in this context to identify accessions with high yield potential that are stable in production areas. To this end, a multi-location experiment was conducted over two agricultural seasons (2023 and 2024) in three localities in the Savannah district, namely Korhogo, Ferkessédougou, and Tengréla. One hundred and seventeen millet accessions, including twenty-five improved introduced varieties and ninety-two local varieties, were evaluated in an Alpha-lattice design with three blocks. Combined analysis of variance (AMMI) was used to estimate the effects of genotypes (G), environments (E), and their interaction (G×E). The GGE-biplot approach was then used to analyze the performance and stability of the accessions. Ecovalence was calculated to confirm the results obtained by GGE (Genotype + Genotype x Environment), identifying stable genotypes and the most discriminating environments. The results showed that all the variables studied were significantly influenced by the environment (49.569%), genotypes (30.622%) and their interaction (17.624%). A strong influence of the environment was observed on the variables studied, as well as a significant G×E interaction, reflecting differentiated responses according to location. Three accessions (a160, a161, and a162) stood out for their high yields and stability in the different locations. In addition, the Ferkessédougou area proved to be the most representative and discriminating, confirming its value as a reference site for millet variety evaluation programs. Accessions a160, a161, and a162 can be recommended to improve millet production and contribute to securing sustainable incomes for producers in the savannah district of northern Côte d'Ivoire. Keywords: high-performing millet accessions, GGE, AMMI, genotype x environment interaction, stability, Côte d'Ivoire

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