Blastemal Tumours: Cytological Features and the Usefulness of Fine Needle Aspiration

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BACKGROUND: Blastemal tumours are quite frequent malignancies in childhood. In many oncological centres, fine needle aspiration is a part of the specific diagnostic procedure. In this review, the cytological features of the most common entities - i.e., neuroblastic tumours, nephroblastomas, retinoblastomas, and hepatoblastomas - are covered. SUMMARY: Blastemal tumours are composed of blastemal cells, which are frequently rounded or oval. This morphological similarity among different entities requires detailed clinical and radiological information for accurate diagnosis. Cytological specimens play a crucial role, especially when histological specimens are not available or in cases where a prompt initiation of treatment is needed. KEY MESSAGES: Cytological smears are highly cellular and show specific patterns for accurate histological typing. The hypercellularity of cytological specimen allows for the use of high-quality material for ancillary techniques, which are important for assessing several prognostic factors.

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