HIL Simulation for the Control of DC-DC Converter for PEM-FC and Battery Hybrid System Based on FOPI Controller Using RT-OPAL

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This paper begins with a Matlab/Simulink benchmark that models a common island-mode microgrid operation. In this model, a group of consumers is supplied by a primary energy source in the form of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack. The microgrid also includes an appropriately sized storage battery. The major challenge lies in maintaining a constant voltage in the DC intermediate circuit. In addition to consumption variations represented by an RL group, variations in air pressure and flow rate, as well as primary hydrogen fuel flow rate, occur due to the global characteristics of the PEM-FC stack. A fractional order (FO) proportional integral (PI) controller is used to improve the performance of the control system. The optimal tuning of its parameters is achieved using the Hippopotamus Optimization (HO) heuristic algorithm. The proposed control system is validated through numerical simulations in the software-in-the-loop (SIL) stage and implementation on a real-time platform in the hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) stage using an OPAL-RT OP4512 platform.

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